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Example sentences for: bmps
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Previous studies have demonstrated that transcriptional and translational events are required for dendritic growth in response to BMPs [ 15 ] , but the gene expression profile responsible for BMP-induced dendritic growth has yet to be determined.
The observed physical interaction between Smad1, HsN3 and Az and the regulation of the complex formation by BMPs suggests a functional role of Az and HsN3 in the signaling function of Smad1.
Earlier studies have demonstrated the expression of BMP-4 transcripts in developing avian sympathetic ganglia [ 49 ] , suggesting the presence of multiple BMPs in sympathetic ganglia throughout development.
Recent data suggest that in the developing nervous system, signaling by at least BMPs 2, 4 and 7 is determined by the spatiotemporal expression patterns of BMPs and their receptors, and by relative levels of the soluble BMP antagonists such as follistatin and noggin that directly bind BMPs in the extracellular compartment and prevent functional receptor/ligand interaction [ 1 24 25 26 27 28 ] . The extent to which these factors may regulate BMP-5 signaling is difficult to determine because of the paucity of data regarding either antagonism of BMP-5 signaling by follistatin and noggin or the interaction between known BMP receptors and BMP-5.
The bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) family including ligands, receptors, and binding proteins, has emerged as a central player in ovary physiology and female fertility [ 1 ] . The BMPs represent a large subclass of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) surperfamily of ligands whose biological responses are mediated by Ser/Thr kinase receptors via the Smad-signaling molecules [ 2 ] . The mRNAs encoding several BMP family members have been identified in the murine ovary, including the ligands, BMP-2 [ 3 ] , BMP-3 [ 3 ] , BMP-3b [ 3 ] , BMP-4 [ 4 ] , BMP-6 [ 5 ] , BMP-7 [ 4 ] , BMP-15 [ 6 7 8 ] , the BMP receptors, BMPR-IA, BMPR-IB and BMPR-II [ 4 ] and the BMP binding protein, follistatin (FS) [ 9 ] . In the murine, BMP-4 and -7 mRNA have been identified in the theca interstitial cells [ 4 ] , BMP-6 and -15 in oocytes [ 5 6 7 8 ] , BMPR-IA, BMPR-IB and BMPR-II in oocytes and granulosa cells (GCs) [ 4 ] , and FS in granulosa and lutein cells [ 9 10 ] .
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