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Example sentences for: bdm
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We found that 20 mM BDM does not affect movement of bacteria inside treated cells [Figure 3A] consistent with a previous report [ 4 ] . Interestingly, localization of Arp3 in Listeria comet tails is unaffected with BDM treatment [Figure 3B] though Arp3 localization at the leading edge of these cells is disrupted.
Though BDM has a relatively high effective concentration (in the millimolar range), it was widely adopted by the cell biology community because of its rapid and reversible effect on cell behaviour.
The loss of actin polymerization machinery, however, is a previously un-described effect of BDM treatment and this highlights the importance of defining the localization of proteins involved in actin dynamics when leading edge activity is disrupted.
With the plate on a 37°C heat block, appropriately diluted concentrations of each compound (15 or 20 mM BDM, 1 uM cytochalasin D) were made in warmed media and added to cells after removal of existing media.
One process inhibited by BDM is the centripetal flow of actin from the leading edge into the cell body, known as retrograde flow [ 11 12 ] . Retrograde flow is thought to be driven by a "push-pull" mechanism of polymerization of actin at the leading edge of the cell and contractile activity of myosin motor proteins [ 13 14 ] . Formation of new actin filaments is predominantly mediated by the nucleation activity of the Arp2/3 complex [ 15 ] . Members of the WASP/WAVE family of proteins, among others, stimulate and regulate the Arp2/3 complex for spatial and temporal control of filament nucleation [ 15 ] . Localization of these proteins to the leading edge, though not completely understood, is probably mediated through their interactions with the actin cytoskeleton itself and membrane-associated binding partners [ 15 16 ] .
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