Words similar to arsenate
Example sentences for: arsenate
How can you use “arsenate” in a sentence? Here are some example sentences to help you improve your vocabulary:
Despite the suggestion of HGT and duplication events, the arsC phylogeny suggests that arsenate reductase is an evolutionarily old enzyme, a hypothesis that was recently suggested for arsenite oxidase [ 38 ] . This is the first phylogenetic analysis of an arsenic redox active gene to include all three domains and the Archaea and Bacteria were clearly separated, with S. cerevisiae subsequently branching from Archaea.
Furthermore, arsenite is generally more labile and toxic than arsenate [ 26 ] , so that expression of arsC , and the ensuing reduction of arsenate to arsenite, might increase the toxicity of arsenic in the environment.
Members of the HSP70 family have also been proposed to be involved with HSP90 chaperones regulating signal transduction pathways [ 32 ] . Unlike HSP70, HSC70 does not exhibit increased gene expression when exposed to heat stress or other agents such as sodium arsenate in the gastrula and neurula Xenopus embryo [ 33 ] . Tsang [ 34 ] suggested because of their ability to bind and transport folded and un-folded cellular proteins, HSP70 family members may function as a cross-linker to couple cellular proteins to the cytoskeletal matrix.
There would have been selective pressure to develop an arsenate reductase that could change this arsenate to arsenite, and this early evolution of an arsC -like ancestor coupled with sequence divergence and HGT would result in the diversity and widespread distribution of arsC genes seen in microorganisms today.
In addition to buffering the redox status of the cytoplasm and protecting biomolecules against oxidative damage, GSH provides reducing equivalents to several enzymes (including ribonucleotide reductase [ 5], 3'-phosphoadenosine 5-phosphosulfate reductase [ 6] and arsenate reductase [ 7]), and serves as a substrate for glutathione- S -transferases, which detoxify potentially dangerous electrophiles.
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