Words similar to arsenite
Example sentences for: arsenite
How can you use “arsenite” in a sentence? Here are some example sentences to help you improve your vocabulary:
Despite the suggestion of HGT and duplication events, the arsC phylogeny suggests that arsenate reductase is an evolutionarily old enzyme, a hypothesis that was recently suggested for arsenite oxidase [ 38 ] . This is the first phylogenetic analysis of an arsenic redox active gene to include all three domains and the Archaea and Bacteria were clearly separated, with S. cerevisiae subsequently branching from Archaea.
Both forms are toxic to microorganisms, with arsenite disrupting enzyme function, and arsenate behaving as a phosphate analog and interfering with phosphate uptake and utilization [ 1 ] . Microorganisms have evolved a variety of mechanisms for coping with arsenic toxicity, including minimizing the amount of arsenic that enters the cell (e.g.
The ars operon consists of a group of genes coding for a transmembrane pump and an arsenate reductase ( arsC ). The operon includes a regulatory gene ( arsR ) and a gene coding for an arsenite-specific pump ( arsB ) as well as arsC [ 13 ] . Arsenite is pumped directly out of the cell by the arsB protein; however arsenate must first be reduced to arsenite by the cytoplasmic arsenate reductase coded from arsC . Some bacteria also possess other ars genes: arsA produces an arsenite-stimulated ATPase [ 14 ] that results in more efficient arsenite extrusion; arsD encodes for a regulatory protein that controls the upper level of ars expression [ 15 ] ; arsH has been identified but has an uncertain function [ 16 ] . The ars operon was initially recognized in plamids of Staphylococcus aureus and S. xylosus [ 17 18 ] but has subsequently been found in other microorganisms (e.g.
There would have been selective pressure to develop an arsenate reductase that could change this arsenate to arsenite, and this early evolution of an arsC -like ancestor coupled with sequence divergence and HGT would result in the diversity and widespread distribution of arsC genes seen in microorganisms today.
The arsC gene is of particular interest in that its product, the soluble enzyme arsenate reductase, catalyzes the reduction of arsenate to arsenite.
Loading...