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Example sentences for: akaps
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However, a recent study showing the colocalization of D-AKAP1 with RI at the NMJ supports the prediction that localization of the R subunit there requires interaction with an AKAP [ 17 ] . RII has been shown to be associated with mAKAP in heart and skeletal muscle [ 20 21 ] ; however, little is known regarding the expression patterns of RII and AKAPs in the perijunctional regions.
It appears that several AKAPs may be in close proximity; yet, it still needs to be determined if waves of cAMP would turn on signals in a local or global way.
Because we produced antibodies to two novel dual-specific AKAPs (D-AKAP1 and D-AKAP2), and gravin, we were uniquely positioned to use immunofluorescence to investigate their possible roles in kinase signaling in and around the NMJ.
Selected AKAPs have been identified that can interact with both PKA and PKC [ 12 13 ] . For example, it was shown that AKAP 79 maintains PKA, PKC, and protein phosphatase 2B at the postsynaptic density of mammalian synapses [ 14 12 ] . Likewise, gravin, a second PKA/PKC anchoring protein, targets these kinases to the membrane cytoskeleton [ 13 ] . AKAP79, gravin, and its mouse homolog clone 72 thus belong to the recently identified class of scaffolding proteins that coordinate multiple kinase activity by bringing them to one site.
Differential compartmentation of these signaling molecules in cells and tissues is being recognized as a mechanism to regulate their specificity [reviewed recently by [ 6 ] ]. A Kinase Anchoring Proteins (AKAPs) can direct their subcellular localization by binding directly to regulatory subunits of PKA or to the catalytic core of PKC.
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