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Example sentences for: akaps
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Differential compartmentation of these signaling molecules in cells and tissues is being recognized as a mechanism to regulate their specificity [reviewed recently by [ 6 ] ]. A Kinase Anchoring Proteins (AKAPs) can direct their subcellular localization by binding directly to regulatory subunits of PKA or to the catalytic core of PKC.
Selected AKAPs have been identified that can interact with both PKA and PKC [ 12 13 ] . For example, it was shown that AKAP 79 maintains PKA, PKC, and protein phosphatase 2B at the postsynaptic density of mammalian synapses [ 14 12 ] . Likewise, gravin, a second PKA/PKC anchoring protein, targets these kinases to the membrane cytoskeleton [ 13 ] . AKAP79, gravin, and its mouse homolog clone 72 thus belong to the recently identified class of scaffolding proteins that coordinate multiple kinase activity by bringing them to one site.
However, a recent study showing the colocalization of D-AKAP1 with RI at the NMJ supports the prediction that localization of the R subunit there requires interaction with an AKAP [ 17 ] . RII has been shown to be associated with mAKAP in heart and skeletal muscle [ 20 21 ] ; however, little is known regarding the expression patterns of RII and AKAPs in the perijunctional regions.
Many AKAPs have been identified, although information about their subcellular distribution in different tissues is largely lacking.
For PKA binding, it was thought for a long time that only RII subunits bind to AKAPs.
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