Words similar to adducts
Example sentences for: adducts
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However, the nuclear localization of 8-OH-dG [ 32 ] and the increased Ogg1 reported here are consistent with a model in which mitochondrial Ogg1 is up-regulated but nuclear Ogg1 is not, leading to an increase in nuclear but not mitochondrial 8-OH-dG adducts [ 32 ] . Further studies will be required to resolve this issue, but β-cells in type 2 diabetes may well suffer from both nuclear and mitochondrial DNA damage, leading to decreased β-cell function and eventual loss of β-cell mass.
first reported oxidative stress caused by t-butylhydroperoxide or iron/ascorbate could lead to 4-HNE protein adducts in hepatocytes [ 62 ] . Further studies by these researchers attempted to identify the common epitope recognized by the 4-HNE antibodies.
3 region to which RASSF1A maps undergoes deletions in many solid tumor types, including GCTs [ 9 ] . RASSF1A encodes a splice variant of human RAS effector homologue, which interacts with the XPA protein and functions as a negative regulator of cell growth [ 16 17 ] . RASSF1A has been shown to be inactivated by promoter methylation in a variety of tumor types [ 16 17 18 19 ] . The 17q21 and 17p13 regions, to which BRCA1 and HIC1 map, respectively, also have been characterized by high frequency of LOH in GCT [ 9 ] . The BRCA 1 gene plays critical roles in DNA repair and recombination, cell cycle checkpoint control, and transcription and has been shown to be hypermethylated in breast-ovarian cancer [ 4 ] . The HIC1 gene is also often hypermethylated in many human cancers [ 20 21 22 ] . The DNA repair gene MGMT encodes O(6)-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase and this enzyme effectively removes DNA adducts formed by alkylating agents [ 23 ] . Epigenetic inactivation of the MGMT gene was reported in a wide variety of cancers [ 24 25 ] . Also, a low frequency of methylation of the APC , RARB , and FHIT genes was detected in NSGCTs.
In light of the previous publication on the role of 8-OH-dG adducts in a rat model of type 2 diabetes [ 31 ] , and the finding that the Ogg1 gene was over-expressed in human type 2 diabetes, we evaluated the expression of Ogg1 protein in pancreas specimens from type 2 diabetic and healthy subjects, as a marker for β-cell oxidative DNA damage in type 2 diabetes.
However, no specific protein was positively identified [ 63 ] . More recently, the formation of 4-HNE protein adducts was also demonstrated by Western blot analysis from the heart [ 64 ] , the liver [ 65 ] and the kidney [ 66 ] under oxidative stress.
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