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Example sentences for: adducts
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Ogg1 knockout mice possess increased levels of 8-OH-dG in their genome, particularly in the mitochondrial genome, but do not seem to exhibit an increased frequency of malignancies [ 44 45 46 ] . It was postulated that the consequences of 8-OH-dG adducts and Ogg1 deficiency affects mainly cells with high oxygen metabolism and slow proliferation, such as liver cells [ 45 ] . While β-cells were not examined in that study, they certainly exhibit both high oxidative metabolism and a low rate of proliferation, consistent with them being a target for the effects of 8-OH-dG adducts.
, leakage of radicals associated with the reduction of oxygen to water during mitochondrial respiration) [ 34 ] . The etiological basis for the formation of abnormally high levels of 8-oxoguanine adducts in oogonia of lambs of undernourished ewes is unknown.
3 region to which RASSF1A maps undergoes deletions in many solid tumor types, including GCTs [ 9 ] . RASSF1A encodes a splice variant of human RAS effector homologue, which interacts with the XPA protein and functions as a negative regulator of cell growth [ 16 17 ] . RASSF1A has been shown to be inactivated by promoter methylation in a variety of tumor types [ 16 17 18 19 ] . The 17q21 and 17p13 regions, to which BRCA1 and HIC1 map, respectively, also have been characterized by high frequency of LOH in GCT [ 9 ] . The BRCA 1 gene plays critical roles in DNA repair and recombination, cell cycle checkpoint control, and transcription and has been shown to be hypermethylated in breast-ovarian cancer [ 4 ] . The HIC1 gene is also often hypermethylated in many human cancers [ 20 21 22 ] . The DNA repair gene MGMT encodes O(6)-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase and this enzyme effectively removes DNA adducts formed by alkylating agents [ 23 ] . Epigenetic inactivation of the MGMT gene was reported in a wide variety of cancers [ 24 25 ] . Also, a low frequency of methylation of the APC , RARB , and FHIT genes was detected in NSGCTs.
first reported oxidative stress caused by t-butylhydroperoxide or iron/ascorbate could lead to 4-HNE protein adducts in hepatocytes [ 62 ] . Further studies by these researchers attempted to identify the common epitope recognized by the 4-HNE antibodies.
Cisplatin causes two types of DNA damage, DNA adducts and inter-stranded cross-linking, resulting in activation of apoptosis pathway in the target tumor cells [ 13 14 ] . Our results suggest that inhibition of tyrosine kinase activity of the potential targets by Gleevec appear to potentiate the effect of cisplatin in DNA-damage induced apoptosis in A549 cells.
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