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Example sentences for: syringae
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These details are presented in a model of the signaling network for induction of SAR, PR-1 gene expression and PR-5 gene expression by avirulent P. syringae bacteria (Figure 4).
PR genes are thought to be tightly associated with SAR because they are co-regulated with SAR [ 13 14 ] and because many PR gene products have been shown to have antimicrobial activity [ 2 ] . The complete impairment of npr1 plants in SAR induction [ 9 ] as contrasted with a partial impairment in PR-1 induction [ 11 ] in response to P. syringae carrying avrRpt2 challenged the hypothesis of co-regulation.
The Arabidopsis ndr1-1 mutant showed drastically impaired induction of SAR and PR-1 gene expression in response to infection with Pseudomonas syringae bacteria carrying the avirulence ( avr ) gene avrRpt2 [ 4 ] . This mutant is also incapable of showing a hypersensitive response (HR) to these bacteria [ 5 6 ] except at very high levels of inoculum [ 7 ] . The HR is a macroscopic leaf collapse.
Plants of the Arabidopsis ecotype Col-0 show disease symptoms when infiltrated with virulent Pseudomonas syringae pv.
The HR occurs in response to infection with avirulent bacteria at levels of inoculum that cause a large percentage of leaf cells to undergo programmed cell death (PCD) [ 8 ] . In contrast to results with avrRpt2, P. syringae bacteria carrying the avirulence genes avrB , avrRpm1 , avrPphB or avrRps4 elicit an exaggerated HR relative to that on the wild-type Columbia parent [ 5 7 ] . In a study in which bacteria carrying avrB were chosen as a representative member of this class, in further contrast to results with avrRpt2 , these bacteria were capable of eliciting SAR and PR-1 induction on ndr1-1 mutant plants [ 4 ] .
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