Words similar to synthetases
Example sentences for: synthetases
How can you use “synthetases” in a sentence? Here are some example sentences to help you improve your vocabulary:
Hence, considerable diversity of protein domains appears to have emerged prior to the "crystallization" [ 95 ] of a transcription machinery similar to the one that operates in modern cells and probably had been already in place in LUCA [ 96 ] . Similar conclusions regarding the early stages of protein domain evolution have been reached previously as a result of evolutionary analysis of proteins involved in translation, such as aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases and GTPases: substantial diversification of protein domains had occurred prior to the "crystallization" of elaborate, modern-type translation machinery [ 66 97 ] .
The sequence identity within the HisRS domain of IfkA/B and yeast GCN2 is 28%, with strong conservation within the M1, M2, and M3 motifs that are characteristic of class II aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases [ 37 ] . The similarity between the kinase domains is much higher, with IfkA/B possessing 44% identity with yeast GCN2, with high conservation of all of the kinase subdomains.
In yeast and mammalian cells, GCN2 is a protein that senses amino acid starvation and brings about altered cell physiology in response to such starvation [ 24 25 ] . GCN2 is a protein kinase that phosphorylates the α subunit of the translation initiation factor eIF2 [ 26 ] . The GCN2 protein from yeasts, Drosophila , and mammals is composed of three domains: a pseudokinase domain that may function as a regulatory domain, a kinase domain, and a HisRS domain that shares significant similarity to histidyl-tRNA synthetases [ 27 28 29 30 ] . Studies of yeast GCN2 revealed that the HisRS domain binds uncharged tRNAs that accumulate when cells are starved for amino acids [ 31 32 ] . As a result the kinase domain is activated and phosphorylates eIF2α at Ser51.
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases catalyze a succession of reactions, which involve: hydrolysis of the α-β phosphate bond in ATP; condensation of AMP with the cognate amino acid, resulting in the formation of an aminoacyl-adenylate; displacement of the AMP moiety of the aminoacyl-adenylate with the cognate tRNA, producing aminoacyl-tRNA.
Permeases, transporters, synthetases and various detoxification enzymes, which, in general, tend to amplify as a response to stressful conditions [ 32, 33, 34, 46, 48, 51], also showed a substantial presence among the recently duplicated genes in all species (see Additional data files).
Loading...