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Example sentences for: synthetases
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Many genes that are known to amplify in response to selection, primarily during anticancer drug treatments, were found to be present in multiple copies in mammalian genomes as well, in particular, aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, glutamine synthetase and other anabolic enzymes, adenosine deaminase, ornithine decarboxylase, AMP deaminase, and N -acetyl glucosaminyltransferase [ 34, 46].
This potential protein-protein interaction feature of YbaK is additionally supported by evidence that the prolyl-tRNA synthetases (S 1 in Figure 3a) interact with other proteins involved in protein synthesis.
In addition, nine orthologs of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, and 10 initiation and seven elongation translation factors were detected among trophozoite-specific genes.
In yeast and mammalian cells, GCN2 is a protein that senses amino acid starvation and brings about altered cell physiology in response to such starvation [ 24 25 ] . GCN2 is a protein kinase that phosphorylates the α subunit of the translation initiation factor eIF2 [ 26 ] . The GCN2 protein from yeasts, Drosophila , and mammals is composed of three domains: a pseudokinase domain that may function as a regulatory domain, a kinase domain, and a HisRS domain that shares significant similarity to histidyl-tRNA synthetases [ 27 28 29 30 ] . Studies of yeast GCN2 revealed that the HisRS domain binds uncharged tRNAs that accumulate when cells are starved for amino acids [ 31 32 ] . As a result the kinase domain is activated and phosphorylates eIF2α at Ser51.
In the SCOP database, the α-subunit core domains have been classified together with several other domains, including the ligand-binding domain of the bacterial arginine repressor, the dimerization cofactor of the transcription factor HNF1 (DCOH), and a domain specific to the bacterial aspartyl-tRNA synthetases.
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