Words similar to synapse
Example sentences for: synapse
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Significantly, among the five subtypes of muscarinic ACh receptors (MAChRs), Ml and M3 receptors have been shown to efficiently activate PLD (and PKC) in various cell types [ 26 27 28 29 30 ] , whereas activation of PLD by M2 and M4 receptors is less robust [ 26 ] . These observations suggest that in a cholinergic synapse, ACh released into the synaptic cleft might stimulate PLD activity leading to a release of choline that could be used for ACh synthesis.
The parasympathetic innervation arises from preganglionic neurons located in the distal lumbar and proximal sacral spinal cord (segments L6 and S1 in the rat [ 6 7 ] ) and whose axons are found in the pelvic nerve and synapse on postganglionic neurons in the pelvic plexus.
However, in the presence of the endogenous ligand β-endorphin (when released at the synapse) or another full agonist, a weaker agonist can potentially act as a competitive antagonist.
Recent reports suggest an active role played by the T cell cytoskeleton in maintaining spatially defined molecular clusters found within the immunological synapse - a highly structured molecular array defined by contact regions between T cells and antigen presenting cells [ 4 5 6 7 ] , and reviewed in [ 8 9 ] or NK cells and target cells [ 10 ] . Although the actin cytoskeleton has been implicated in all these processes, perhaps its greatest role is in regulating T lymphocyte motility and morphology.
[ 5 ] . BDNF transiently stabilizes silent NM synapses during the period of transition from polyneuronal to mononeuronal innervation of skeletal muscle fibers [ 6 ] . BDNF and CNTF cooperatively affect efficiency of embryonic xenopus neuromuscular synapses in culture [ 7 8 ] . BDNF stimulates transmitter release from neuromuscular synapses [ 9 ] and enhances the efficiency of transmission at the neuromuscular synapse [ 10 ] . BDNF, together with NT-3, can restore neuregulin levels and a normal distribution of AchR at the neuromuscular junction blocked with curare [ 11 ] . BDNF, in conjunction with fibronectin, increases spontaneous synaptic currents in the cultured embryonic xenopus neuromuscular junction [ 12 ] . BDNF down-regulates AchR clustering, most likely by binding to TrkB expressed in myocytes [ 13 ] . BDNF downregulates agrin levels in muscle but increases neuregulin in ventral horn spinal motor neurons at the time when they form neuromuscular synapses [ 14 ] .
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