Words similar to subtypes
Example sentences for: subtypes
How can you use “subtypes” in a sentence? Here are some example sentences to help you improve your vocabulary:
The family of retinoic acid receptors includes those that bind only all-trans retinoic acid (RAR α,β,γ and those that bind either all-trans retinoic acid or 9-cis retinoic acid (RXR α,β,γ Since the transcriptional regulation of the retinoic acid ligand/receptor complex appears to involve the binding of receptor heterodimers (RAR/RXR), the specific cellular response may depend on the ratio of all-trans to 9-cis retinoic acid formed, as well as the expression of receptor subtypes.
Distinct nAChR subtypes exist that can be stimulated by the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, the natural product nicotine, or by synthetic compounds [ 1 ] . nAChR is the prototype for a protein superfamily that includes the receptors for the excitatory amino acids glutamate and aspartate, the inhibitory amino-acids gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glycine, as well as the serotonin 5-HT 3 receptor [ 1 ] . Like most ligand-gated ion channels, nAChRs are homo- or hetero-pentameric, each monomer belonging to a pull of 8 alpha- or 3 beta-subunits (alpha 2-9 , beta 2-4 ). While each subunit has four transmembrane domains, the agonist binding sites are located at the subunit interfaces [ 2 ] . Both natural and synthetic ligands can display varied affinity for different receptor subtypes.
Significantly, among the five subtypes of muscarinic ACh receptors (MAChRs), Ml and M3 receptors have been shown to efficiently activate PLD (and PKC) in various cell types [ 26 27 28 29 30 ] , whereas activation of PLD by M2 and M4 receptors is less robust [ 26 ] . These observations suggest that in a cholinergic synapse, ACh released into the synaptic cleft might stimulate PLD activity leading to a release of choline that could be used for ACh synthesis.
Another crucial issue is to identify the mutations that confer drug resistance in non-B subtypes.
In some cases, cancers that were assigned to a single diagnostic category by conventional morphological diagnostic methods have been found to have different gene expression profiles and belong to distinct molecular subtypes.
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