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Example sentences for: spermatozoa
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Cholesterol and lipids are also found at high levels in semen and are major components of secretory vesicles referred to as prostasomes, which are thought to regulate the function of spermatozoa [ 27].
When porcine M I oocytes are inseminated with spermatozoa in vitro, the formation rate of male and female pronuclei is significantly lower than that in M II oocytes [ 43].
Apoptotic cells were identified by the TdT-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) method and detected either by flow cytometry [ 27 ] or by light microscopy in histological sections [ 28 ] . The results indicate that transgenic ABP alters the rate of testicular germ cell apoptosis throughout life, but it is most likely to cause its germ-cell depleting effect by promoting germ cell apoptosis during the critical pre-pubertal period ("puberty" in laboratory rodents occurs at 50-60 days of life and is defined as the first appearance of spermatozoa in the tail of the epididymis [ 29 30 ] ).
The Sperm Adhesion Molecule 1 (SPAM1 or PH-20) is a glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol (GPI)-linked protein found on all mammalian spermatozoa that have been examined, and has been reported to play multiple roles in fertilization [ 1 ] . Although a recent gene targeting study indicates that in mice, which have four active non-somatic hyaluronidases, Spam1 is not essential for fertilization [ 2 ] ; this is unlikely to be the case in humans where SPAM1 is the only such hyaluronidase present.
The best experimentally documented case is the existence of a large subset of mammalian ORs transcribed in testes and expressed on the surface of mature spermatozoa, suggesting a possible role for ORs in sperm chemotaxis [ 36, 37, 38, 39].
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