Words similar to single-strand
Example sentences for: single-strand
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Studies in Escherichia coli have shown that, although RecA is the principle protein involved in pairing and strand exchange, unrelated proteins, that have a much more restrictive phyletic distribution, can also promote similar reactions in a RecA dependent or RecA-independent manner [ 3 ] . These alternative or additional mediators of homologous recombination include the well-characterized prophage RecT, phage λ Redβ and phage P22 ERF proteins [ 4 5 ] . Similarly, in yeast and vertebrates, the RAD52 protein is involved in the pairing and strand exchange reaction and can promote recombination in a RAD51 (the eukaryotic RecA homolog)-dependent or independent manner [ 6 ] . The RecT protein works in conjunction with the RecE-nuclease [ 7 ] and was initially described in genetic studies on the complemention of mutations in the RecBCD pathway of DNA repair [ 8 9 10 ] . Biochemically, RecT has been shown to bind single-stranded (ss) DNA 3' overhang regions generated by the RecE nuclease, and promote strand exchange between homologous DNA partners by assisting the pairing of complementary single-stranded regions [ 4 10 ] . The reaction catalyzed by the RecT/RecE system is similar to that described for the phage λ exonuclease (exo/Redβ) and the single-strand annealing protein Redβ.
Removal of negative supercoils from DNA by bacterial type IA topoisomerase involves the following steps: (1) binding of the enzyme to the junction of double-stranded and single-stranded DNA [ 8 ] ; (2) cleavage of a single-strand of DNA near the junction with cleavage sequence preference of a cytosine in the -4 position to form the covalent intermediate [ 9 10 ] ; (3) conformational change of the covalent enzyme-DNA complex to result in physical separation of the 5' phosphate covalently linked to the active tyrosine, and the 3' hydroxyl of the cleaved DNA; (4) passage of the complementary single strand through the break; (5) enzyme conformational change to bring the 5' phosphoryl end back into the proximity of the 3' hydroxyl group of the cleaved DNA; (6) religation of the phosphodiester bond.
Although chromatid breakage requires an endonuclease activity, the cutter, directed by a Cbs-binding activity, no Cbs-dependent "binder/cutter" activity has been detected in vitro . The cutter could be an activity of telomerase itself [ 39 43 ] . Telomerase of both Tetrahymena and Euplotes has a single-strand endonuclease activity [ 45 43 ] . It can trim potential primers back, so that the 3' terminus pairs with template RNA [ 46 ] . Thus, while it may serve a 3' editing function, the existence of a nuclease activity in potential proximity to the site of chromatid breakage is provocative, suggesting that telomerase provides the
In the third reaction, only the primer complementary to the sense-orientation of the PCR product was present during RT single-strand synthesis (to assay for sense transcription).
The relative orientation of transcription was assessed by restricting which primers were present during the reverse transcriptase (RT) single-strand synthesis step of the reaction.
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