Words similar to signaling
Example sentences for: signaling
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The dorsal ectoderm or BCNE is fully specified as anterior neural ectoderm, as excision of this region led to headless embryos, and explants differentiated into neural tissue in culture, even when the formation of any mesodermal cells was blocked by interference with nodal signaling (Kuroda et al.
Thus, although Rlk appears to be distinct among the Tec kinases in the lack of a PH domain, the presence of a palmitoylated cysteine string and the existence of a shorter isoform that can localize to the nucleus, Rlk may contribute to similar signaling pathways.
LiCl has previously been shown to mimic activation of Wnt-1 signaling by stabilizing beta-catenin through its inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β), a kinase that phosphorylates beta-catenin and promotes its degradation via the ubiquitin proteasome pathway [ 39 ] . C57mg cells treated with LiCl exhibited elevated levels of mesothelin but not SL-1 (Figure 2, left panel).
Moreover, Frizzled receptors, Versican and other proteoglycans which contribute to Wnt protein activity are also controlled by Wnt signaling, as previously described in Drosophila [ 28 29 ] . At the level of transcriptional regulation, we found up-regulation of CBP/P300, which partners with β-catenin [ 30 31 ] but also TLE/Groucho, which is an inhibitor of TCF function [ 32 ] . These responses suggest a rich system of homeostasis and feedback control mechanisms, but they complicate the interpretation of experimental studies of Wnt signal transduction in which the time course of induction cannot be controlled easily.
Similar results were reported for this FLAG epitope-tagged mutant in other cell lines [ 26 ] . Second, the tail kinking and "waltzing" phenotypes in our transgenic animals expressing stabilized human β-catenin are highly similar to those seen in Fused mice [ 29 ] . Fused encodes the murine Axin homologue, and mutation of this gene results in activation of Wnt signaling [ 30 ] . The tail kinking in our animals presumably results from low level expression of the mutant transgene in utero during vertebral patterning.
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