Words similar to signal-regulated
Example sentences for: signal-regulated
How can you use “signal-regulated” in a sentence? Here are some example sentences to help you improve your vocabulary:
ANOVA = analysis of variance; Erk= extracellular signal-regulated kinase; IC 50 = half-maximal inhibition; IRS = insulin receptor substrate; LDH = lactate dehydrogenase; MAPK = mitogen-activated protein kinase; MEK = MAPK/extracellular signal-regulated kinase kinase; mTOR = mammalian target of rapamycin; PBS = phosphate-buffered saline; PI 3-kinase = phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; RDS = respiratory distress syndrome; SD = standard deviation of the mean; SE = standard error of the mean; SP = surfactant protein; TPA = 12-
Immunoblotting of membranes for phospho-MAPK (extracellular signal-regulated kinase [Erk]1/2) was performed using a Phospho-MAPK Antibody Sampler kit (Cell Signaling, Beverly, MA, USA) according to the manufacturer's instructions.
It has been postulated that activation of these kinases allows GPCR agonists to modulate such diverse molecular events as cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival [ 1 ] . To date, all three cloned opioid receptor types (μ,δ, κ) and the closely related nociceptin receptor have demonstrated the ability to signal through their heterotrimeric G proteins (G i or G o ) to at least one type of MAPK [ 2 3 4 ] . Among the members of this family that are activated by opioids, are the two extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases (p44 MAPK(ERK 1) and p42 MAPK(ERK 2)) [ 5 ] and the p38 protein kinase [ 3 ] . However, the precise mechanism by which OR stimulation produces an increase in MAPK activity is still unknown and under investigation.
Cellular response to chronic TLK286 exposure included a two-fold decrease in GSTP1-1 protein levels, confirming a GSTP1-1 mediated mechanism of activation [ 7 ] . Mouse embryo fibroblast cells from GSTP1-1 deficient animals elevated the expression of signal-regulated kinases ERK1/ERK2 and reduced the doubling time of cell proliferation [ 8 ] . That paper also found that a clone of HL60 cells resistant to TLK199, an inhibitor of GSTP1-1, has been shown to have elevated activities of c-Jun NH 2 -terminal kinase (JNK) and ERK1/ERK2.
BSA = Bovine serum albumin; CSC = cigarette smoke condensate; ERK = extracellular signal-regulated kinase; GM-CSF = granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor; HBE = human bronchial epithelial cell; IL = interleukin; IκB = inhibitor of NFκB; MAPK = mitogen-activated protein kinase; MEK-1 = MAPK kinase; NFκB = nuclear factor-kappa B; NHBE = normal human bronchial epithelial cell; PBS = phosphate-buffered saline; PDTC = pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate; RT-PCR = reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction; sICAM = soluble intercellular adhesion molecule; TNF = tumour necrosis factor; TUNEL = deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling
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