Words similar to signal-regulated
Example sentences for: signal-regulated
How can you use “signal-regulated” in a sentence? Here are some example sentences to help you improve your vocabulary:
In addition, the TCFs have been found to be targets for all three families of MAPKs: the extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2), the jun-N-terminal kinases/stress activated protein kinases (JNK/SAPK), and the p38 kinase [ 17, 18].
TGF-β family proteins, including β1,β2 and β3, induce TNF-resistance and suppress the PH-20 effect of increasing TNF cytotoxicity in murine L929 fibroblasts [ 8 11 ] . TGF-β1 induces a novel extracellular matrix protein that prevents TNF-mediated cell death and blocks the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK; also known as p42/44 mitogen-activated protein kinase, p42/44 MAPK) in L929 cells [ 8 12 ] . Additionally, TGF-β1 induces the expression of TIAF1 (TGF-β-induced antiapoptotic factor) [ 13 ] and TIF2 (TGF-β-induced factor 2) [ 14 ] that inhibit TNF cytotoxicity.
Biochemical studies of Btk-deficient B cells have shown Btk to be necessary for BCR-induced phospholipase C-γ2 (PLCγ2) phosphorylation, calcium mobilization, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and c-Jun NH 2 -terminal kinase (JNK) mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation, NF-κB activation and apoptosis [ 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12].
Cellular response to chronic TLK286 exposure included a two-fold decrease in GSTP1-1 protein levels, confirming a GSTP1-1 mediated mechanism of activation [ 7 ] . Mouse embryo fibroblast cells from GSTP1-1 deficient animals elevated the expression of signal-regulated kinases ERK1/ERK2 and reduced the doubling time of cell proliferation [ 8 ] . That paper also found that a clone of HL60 cells resistant to TLK199, an inhibitor of GSTP1-1, has been shown to have elevated activities of c-Jun NH 2 -terminal kinase (JNK) and ERK1/ERK2.
BSA = Bovine serum albumin; CSC = cigarette smoke condensate; ERK = extracellular signal-regulated kinase; GM-CSF = granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor; HBE = human bronchial epithelial cell; IL = interleukin; IκB = inhibitor of NFκB; MAPK = mitogen-activated protein kinase; MEK-1 = MAPK kinase; NFκB = nuclear factor-kappa B; NHBE = normal human bronchial epithelial cell; PBS = phosphate-buffered saline; PDTC = pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate; RT-PCR = reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction; sICAM = soluble intercellular adhesion molecule; TNF = tumour necrosis factor; TUNEL = deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling
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