Words similar to sequestration
Example sentences for: sequestration
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The effects of specific RXR ligands on the CAR/RXR heterodimer have not been characterized, although high concentrations of both 9-cis-RA and all-trans retinoic acid have been reported to block PB induction of the CAR targets CYP2B1 and CYP2B2 in primary rat hepatocytes [ 17 ] . In addition, a recent report suggests that both compounds decrease TCPOBOP-dependent CAR transactivation [ 18 ] . In both cases, these effects were primarily attributed to sequestration of limiting amounts of RXR into ligand-dependent homodimers or heterodimers with other receptors.
We assume that the effects on sleep we observed in cry1 , 2 -/-mice are a result of a lack of cryptochrome -dependent inhibition of the transcriptional activation provided by the bHLH-PAS heterodimers CLOCK:BMAL1 and NPAS2:BMAL1 [ 19 20 37 ] , although cryptochromes also play a role in stabilizing and nuclear sequestration of PER proteins [ 38 ] , and in photoreception [ 39 ] . Lack of cryptochromes results in increased mRNA levels of CLOCK/NPAS2:BMAL1 target genes, including the circadian genes per1 and per2 [ 20 23 ] . The expression of these two genes is viewed as a state variable of the molecular circadian clock or a marker of CLOCK/NPAS2:BMAL1-induced transcription, although at least per1 transcription can also be (rapidly) induced by light [ 40 41 ] , through a CREB-dependent signaling pathway [ 42 43 44 ] . The observation of high brain levels of per1,2 transcripts under baseline conditions in cry1,2 -/-mice raises the possibility that these or other CLOCK/NPAS2:BMAL1 target genes are involved in the homeostatic regulation of sleep.
Our earlier findings including a reduced number of elongated spermatids in the ABP-TG mice [ 26 ] also support the notion that higher than physiological concentrations of ABP affect spermatogenesis indirectly, through sequestration of androgens; the transformation of round spermatids to elongated spermatids is known to be the main androgen-dependent step in spermatogenesis [ 35 36 37 ] .
Prolonged or repeated agonist stimulation of G protein-coupled receptors frequently causes a reduction in the response to the agonist [ 1 ] . Short-term agonist exposure results in desensitization that is characterized by a rapid (minutes) and reversible uncoupling of the receptor from the G protein followed by sequestration and/or internalization of receptors from the cell surface.
Sequentially mutating each of the four serines to alanine decreased the phosphorylation of the receptor by approximately 25% for each serine, and mutating either the first two or the last two serines to alanines prevented agonist-induced desensitization, but not agonist-induced sequestration/internalization [ 12 ] . The influence of mutations in this motif on down-regulation has not been investigated.
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