Words similar to separase
Example sentences for: separase
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The APC is a large protein complex that ubiquinates mitotic cyclins and other regulatory proteins that are destined for timely proteolysis by proteasomes [ 10 20 ] . Proteasomes are multicatalytic 26S proteases consisting of a 20S central core catalytic subunit bordered by two 19S components [ 32 33 ] which hydrolyze C-terminal peptide bonds to acidic, basic, and hydrophobic amino-acid residues [ 20 34 ] . Proteasomes proteolyze securins which inhibit separase activity.
Separase is a cysteine protease that cleaves Scc1/Mcd1, presumably resulting in the cohesin complex falling apart and being unable to hold sister chromatids together.
Separase is needed for inactivating cohesions and enabling sister chromatid separation [ 35 36 37 ] in both fission yeast [ 38 ] and mammalian cells [ 39 ] . Although differences have been reported among species [ 40 ] and cell types [ 41 ] , it appears that the majority of cohesion is removed from mammalian chromosomes during prophase and prometaphase; whereas, a lesser amount remains at kinetochores until anaphase onset.
Depletion of Cdc5 or Polo-like kinase in cdc5▲ cells arrests a significant fraction of the cells in early anaphase with short mitotic spindles [ 20 21 ] , and phosphorylation of the cohesin subunit Scc1 by Cdc5 enhances the efficiency of Scc1 cleavage by the separase Esp1 during the metaphase to anaphase transition [ 22 ] .
The Scc1/Mcd1 component of the cohesin complex is cleaved by a separase (Esp1) whose activity is held in check by a securin (Pds1) until separation at the metaphase-to-anaphase transition [33,34].
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