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Example sentences for: rankl
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The potency of IFN-γ as a macrophage activator and osteoclast inhibitor suggests a prominent role for T cells and/or NK cells in the regulation of bone resorption, as these cells constitute the major source of IFN-γ [ 18 ] . A link between activated T cells and osteoclast inhibition by IFN-γ has been highlighted in a report by Takayanagi et al ., providing the first in vivo evidence that the immune system may influence osteoclastogenesis [ 38 ] . Interestingly, other groups have demonstrated that activated T cells induce osteoclastogenesis via upregulation of surface RANKL, presenting a dilemma regarding the role of activated T cells in osteoclastogenesis [ 20 40 45 ] .
In contrast, Wei et al . have demonstrated that pre-osteoclasts do not lose their potential to differentiate into mature osteoclasts following a similar exposure to IL-4 [ 50 ] . It thus appears that IFN-γ anti-osteoclast activity is mediated by inducing terminal differentiation away from the osteoclast lineage, while IL-4 directly interferes with RANKL signaling during osteoclastogenesis.
Together these data show that pretreatment with RANKL increases resistance to IFN-γ-mediated osteoclast inhibition in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner.
These cells produce macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) and the receptor for activation of nuclear factor kappa b (NF- k B) (RANK) ligand (RANKL).
The mechanism by which IFN-γ and RANKL reciprocally inhibit each other in pre-osteoclasts is independent of TRAF-6 and STAT1 signal transduction.
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