Words similar to prokaryotic
Example sentences for: prokaryotic
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That the short-term benefit of a gene duplication is a direct effect on protein dosage also stems from a variety of experimental observations in a number of organisms, prokaryotic and eukaryotic.
The Test2 array (Affymetrix, Santa Clara, CA) contains probes corresponding to commonly expressed genes from the human, mouse, rat and yeast genomes, along with several prokaryotic control genes.
The most straightforward version of this type of analysis, to which we hereinafter refer to as 'genome-tree' building, involves scaling-up the traditional tree-building approach and analyzing the phylogenetic trees for multiple gene families (in principle, all families represented in many genomes), in an attempt to derive a consensus, 'organismal' phylogeny [ 3 4 5 ] . However, because of the wide spread of horizontal gene transfer and lineage-specific gene loss, at least in the prokaryotic world, comparison of trees for different families and consensus derivation may become highly problematic [ 6 7 ] . Probably due to all these problems, a pessimistic conclusion has been reached that prokaryotic phylogeny might not be reconstructable from protein sequences, at least with current phylogenetic methods [ 4 ] .
Examination of the genomic context of the genes that encode stand-alone counterparts of the fusion components showed that, in 25 of the 51 cases, these genes were juxtaposed in some, and in certain cases, many prokaryotic genomes (Table 2).
Here, we compare the topologies produced with five, largely independent approaches to genome-tree building: i) presence-absence of genomes in Clusters of Orthologous Groups of proteins (COGs); ii) conservation of local gene order (pairs of adjacent genes) among prokaryotic genomes; iii) distribution of percent identity between apparent orthologs; iv) sequence conservation in concatenated alignments of ribosomal proteins; v) comparative analysis of multiple trees reconstructed for representative protein families.
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