Words similar to prokaryotes
Example sentences for: prokaryotes
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The status of nomenclature for the tryptophan pathway is not so chaotic as the genes in almost all prokaryotes have been named in line with E. coli, but even here distinct problems have arisen because gene fusions that exist in E. coli are often absent elsewhere.
For both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, the third codon position is pyrimidine-rich (C3/G3 = 1.11 and 1.15 respectively; T3/A3 = 1.24 and 1.36), and the first codon position is purine-rich (C1/G1 = 0.58 and 0.62; T1/A1 = 0.63 and 0.65).
The alternative hypothesis - that gene duplications are fixed in a population by positive selection in all organisms - is supported by a combination of evidence of adaptive duplications from many types of living organisms: prokaryotes [ 31, 33, 45, 46, 48, 50, 55, 56], protists [ 35, 58, 59], plants [ 39, 44], fungi [ 43, 49], invertebrates [ 40, 41, 51, 52, 53], non-mammalian vertebrates [ 54], as well as mammalian somatic tissues [ 34, 36, 37, 38].
Moreover, this innovation may have caused a mass extinction of prokaryotes at that time, as a result of the toxic effects of oxygen, as suggested by the virtual absence of lineages prior to ~2.
A question that arises in analyzing eukaryotic sequences with strong matches to bacterial proteins, especially when the match is unique, is whether the gene in question truly was isolated from a eukaryote, or whether it represents a prokaryotic contaminant (any nucleic acid matches of ESTs to prokaryotes, which probably would be contaminants, were removed before database submission [ 28 ] ). Claims of nematode genes having been acquired by HGT [ 17 18 19 23 ] have addressed this issue in a number of ways.
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