Words similar to pro-apoptotic
Example sentences for: pro-apoptotic
How can you use “pro-apoptotic” in a sentence? Here are some example sentences to help you improve your vocabulary:
Akt directly phosphorylates and inactivates the pro-apoptotic proteins ASK1, BAD, caspase 9 [ 21 22 23 24 ] . Akt also induces the expression of the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 and c-FLIP proteins, and suppresses the cell cycle inhibitor p27 KIP [ 25 26 27 28 ] . This later effect is via the phosphorylation and inactivation of the forkhead family of transcription factors AFX, FKHR and FKHR-L1.
The first, the ER overload response, triggers the activation of the transcription factor NFkB and the subsequent upregulation of inflammatory proteins [ 13 ] . The second, the unfolded protein response (UPR) induces three divergent cellular events: (i) the activation of transcription factor ATF6 leading to the upregulation of ER chaperones such as protein disulfide isomerase, (ii) upregulation of the pro-apoptotic transcription factor GADD153 and (iii) suppression of protein synthesis via phosphorylation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α (eIF2α) by pancreatic eIF2α kinase (PEK/PERK, [ 11 12 ] ). Upregulation of the ER chaperones, GADD153 and PERK in response to a toxic insult would constitute direct evidence of an ER stress response.
As the sense transcript codes for a pro-apoptotic gene, the result immediately suggests the interesting hypothesis that upregulation of the antisense RNA species in cancer tissues has functional relevance with respect to suppression of the potentially tumor-suppressing sense gene.
On the other hand, apoptosis was ruled out as a mechanism to explain the differential down-regulation of CD4 and CD8 by PMA and cAMP, on the grounds of two independent observations: (a) After a maximum of 4.0 hr incubation with either PMA or cAMP+ IBMX the cell viability was the same as the untreated controls (usually between 90-95%); (b) Treatment with dexamethasone, which is a known pro-apoptotic molecule did not have any effects on the expression of either CD4 or CD8 (data not shown) and; (c) As demonstrated earlier in the murine system, TCR engagement of CD4 +CD8 +induces positive selection but not apoptosis [ 12 ]
This would be predicted to block phosphorylation of serine 33 of p53 by GSK3β, decreasing p53 transcriptional activity and therefore reducing the transcription of p53-regulated growth and pro-apoptotic proteins.
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