Words similar to pro-apoptotic
Example sentences for: pro-apoptotic
How can you use “pro-apoptotic” in a sentence? Here are some example sentences to help you improve your vocabulary:
Akt directly phosphorylates and inactivates the pro-apoptotic proteins ASK1, BAD, caspase 9 [ 21 22 23 24 ] . Akt also induces the expression of the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 and c-FLIP proteins, and suppresses the cell cycle inhibitor p27 KIP [ 25 26 27 28 ] . This later effect is via the phosphorylation and inactivation of the forkhead family of transcription factors AFX, FKHR and FKHR-L1.
A significant portion of the outer membrane was absent in most mitochondria observed, which may have been caused in part by the activity of this pro-apoptotic protein in releasing cytochrome c from the region between the outer and inner membranes.
In contrast to the pro-apoptotic role for Btk in DT40 cells, Btk appears to play an anti-apoptotic role in mature B cells in vivo . The mechanism may involve Btk-dependent activation of the transcription factor NF-κ B [ 7, 10] and subsequent upregulation of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-X L [ 39, 40].
It is possible that NF-κB and CREB mediate the early phases of neutrophil activation, while C/EBP proteins function to maintain this response [ 50 ] . The observation that the temporal pattern of expression of activated C/EBP and PKB-α are similar suggests co-ordinated regulation of these proteins [ 51 ] . A decrease in activation of transcription factors like NF-κB and CREB and an increase in C/EBP may also contribute to reduced activity of pro-apoptotic genes, resulting in prolonged longevity of neutrophils in the lung vasculature.
The first, the ER overload response, triggers the activation of the transcription factor NFkB and the subsequent upregulation of inflammatory proteins [ 13 ] . The second, the unfolded protein response (UPR) induces three divergent cellular events: (i) the activation of transcription factor ATF6 leading to the upregulation of ER chaperones such as protein disulfide isomerase, (ii) upregulation of the pro-apoptotic transcription factor GADD153 and (iii) suppression of protein synthesis via phosphorylation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α (eIF2α) by pancreatic eIF2α kinase (PEK/PERK, [ 11 12 ] ). Upregulation of the ER chaperones, GADD153 and PERK in response to a toxic insult would constitute direct evidence of an ER stress response.
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