Words similar to pro-apoptotic
Example sentences for: pro-apoptotic
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RPA with the multiple-probe of rAPO-1 showed that relative mRNA levels of Bcl-x short isoform (Bcl-xS), known as pro-apoptotic factors, initially decreased at 1 day, 3 days and 1 week followed by returning to base line level after 2W (Figure 4).
Human Fhit protein, a member of the Fhit branch of the histidine triad superfamily of nucleotide-binding proteins, binds and hydrolyzes diadenosine polyphosphates such as ApppA and AppppA ( 1 ) into AMP plus ADP and ATP, respectively [ 8 9 10 ] . His96, which is responsible for covalent catalysis and more than 4× 10 6-fold of rate enhancement in ApppA hydrolysis [ 9 11 12 13 ] , is nonetheless dispensable for ApppA-binding and tumor suppression, suggesting that Fhit function in tumor suppression depends on formation of an E-S complex [ 2 12 ] . If Fhit-substrate complexes promote tumor suppression by stimulating a pro-apoptotic effector, then Fhit inhibitors that resemble natural substrates may promote Fhit function.
Recently, we demonstrated that the targeting of the pro-apoptotic protein tBid to mitochondria depends upon the presence of the mitochondria-specific lipid cardiolipin in a possibly unique structure [ 9 ] . Cardiolipin has a defined distribution pattern within mitochondria [ 10 ] . It is found in high concentrations throughout the inner membrane, including at contact sites where the inner membrane and outer membrane interact.
Akt directly phosphorylates and inactivates the pro-apoptotic proteins ASK1, BAD, caspase 9 [ 21 22 23 24 ] . Akt also induces the expression of the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 and c-FLIP proteins, and suppresses the cell cycle inhibitor p27 KIP [ 25 26 27 28 ] . This later effect is via the phosphorylation and inactivation of the forkhead family of transcription factors AFX, FKHR and FKHR-L1.
The apoptosis regulators included several anti-apoptotic genes discussed previously ( A20, MCL1, c-IAP2 ), as well as potentially pro-apoptotic genes such as those for Fas ligand and TNF receptor type II.
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