Words similar to podocytes
Example sentences for: podocytes
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Although HIV-1 infected podocytes showed some decrease in cyclin D 1 message by the end of the differentiation period, cyclin D 1 protein levels remained elevated, suggesting activation by HIV-1 of mechanisms that stabilize cyclin D 1 protein levels.
Murine podocytes immortalized with interferon-inducible temperature-sensitive SV-40 T antigen ( ts -SV-40 T) were isolated and infected with replication incompetent GFP-expressing HIV-1 virus, replication incompetent GFP-expressing single-gene mutants of HIV-1, or replication incompetent GFP-expressing control lentivirus containing GFP but no HIV-1 genes as previously described [ 7 8 ] . In all cases, 70% to 80% of podocytes showed GFP expression 4 days post infection (data not shown).
The ongoing proliferation of HIV-1-infected podocytes following cell-cell contact led to the formation of multiple foci (Figure 2C) with intense, heterogenous nuclear cyclin D 1 immunofluorescence consistent with ongoing asynchronous proliferation in this population of cells (Figure 3).
After the 14-day podocyte differentiation protocol described above, total RNA was extracted from wild-type and HIV-1-infected podocytes before treatment with flavopiridol (Developmental Therapeutics Program, National Cancer Institute) (day 14), two days after suppression of HIV-1 transcription with media containing 50 nM flavopiridol (day 16), and one day after drug washout using media without flavopiridol (day 17).
[ 11 12 13 14 ] . Kidney transplants between normal and transgenic Tg26 siblings suggested that specific HIV-1 proteins within the kidney, and not circulating factors, transform infected renal epithelium [ 13 ] . Indeed, HIV-1 transgenic mice generated with an HIV-1 proviral construct mutated in the Nef "PXXP" SH3-binding motif for Src-family kinases failed to develop nephropathy [ 31 ] , and a recent in vitro analysis of podocytes infected with single gene mutants of HIV-1 further suggest that Nef plays a central role in causing the proliferative phenotype in HIVAN [ 8 ] . Utilizing these same single gene mutant viruses, we showed here that Nef appears to be play a role in the up-regulation of cyclin D 1 by HIV-1 in vitro . Importantly, these single gene mutants do not exclude the possibility that other HIV-1 gene(s) may cooperate with nef to induce cyclin D1, particularly
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