Words similar to placentae
Example sentences for: placentae
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This is the first demonstration of ERα protein expression in human placentae by western blot analysis.
During the third trimester, and after 34-36 weeks of pregnancy in particular, the placenta may develop an abnormality, often classified as placental aging [ 19 20 21 22 23 24 ] . These abnormal placentae are characterized by generalized interstitial fibrosis and fibrinoid degeneration of villous stroma, and are associated with cellular apoptosis and congestion of villous sinusoids [ 24 25 26 27 ] . Immunohistochemically, villous abnormality is associated with progressive diminution of Thy-1 differentiation protein in the villous core [ 28 ] . Marked changes in villous structure are particularly associated with advanced maternal age [ 29 30 ] . We have recently reported that, with respect to the Thy-1 expression, compensatory dilatation of villous sinusoids, and placental expression of low molecular weight cyclin E variants, the term placentae can be classified into four placental types (PT1-PT4) [ 30 ] , where PT4 corresponds to the most severe placental abnormality.
In such placentae, the LHR+ mononucleated trophoblast cells were barely detectable, as well as LHR expression in villous sinusoids (white arrowheads).
Estrogenic steroids regulate cellular function in a wide variety of tissues [ 1 ] . During human pregnancy, the production of 17-beta-estradiol (E2) rises eighty fold, from 0.75 nM preovulatory peak to 60 nM at term [ 2 3 4 5 ] , and estrogens influence various aspects of placental function and fetal development in humans and primates [ 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 ] . Several previous studies have shown that human placenta binds estradiol [ 13 14 15 ] . However, more recent immunohistochemical studies on paraffin-embedded or snap frozen sections as well as other techniques (RT-PCR for ER-alpha mRNA) failed to demonstrate estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) in human placentae during pregnancy or in cultures of dispersed placental cells [ 16 17 ] . However, it has been indicated that the failure to detect the ERα does not entirely preclude the presence of this receptor in human trophoblast cells, but might be attributed to a relatively low number and density of ERα molecules on these cells [ 17 ] . On the other hand, Billiar et al.
The ERα expression in normal placentae is high (top of inset A), and transformation of cytotrophoblast cells into the large syncytia (~300 μm in diameter) is accompanied by ERα diminution (top insets B and C; see also Fig.
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