Words similar to pi-
Example sentences for: pi-
How can you use “pi-” in a sentence? Here are some example sentences to help you improve your vocabulary:
Our results suggest that a therapeutic strategy to inhibit the upstream stimulus for PI-3Kinase through blockade of growth factor receptors may provide a workable alternative.
PI-3Kinase activity is acutely regulated and a number of isoforms have been cloned that are activated in response to various stimuli [ 4 ] . The major phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate phosphatase in cells is the tumor suppressor PTEN [ 5 6 ] . This protein has a tonic inhibitory effect on PI-3Kinase signaling by reversing the 3'-phosphorylation.
Signaling by the IGF-IR has been studied in many different cell types and is important for proliferation, survival, motility, adhesion, transformation, tumor formation and metastasis [for reviews see refs [ 31 32 ] ]. The receptor can directly phosphorylate the insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1) and Shc proteins in the intact cell causing activation of PI-3Kinase and ras signaling [ 33 ] . More recently, it has been shown that the IGF-IR signals via the Gβγ subunits of the heterotrimeric Gi complex to stimulate PI-3Kinase and ras, and also activates the JAK/Stat pathway to cause phosphorylation of Stat3 [ 34 35 ] .
Elevated PI-3Kinase can be normalized by reintroduction of PTEN to reduce PIP3 levels, but it has not been shown that this effect can also be achieved by disruption of an upstream signal that stimulates PI-3Kinase activity.
Adenoviral expression of wild-type PTEN can inhibit U87 tumor growth indicating that elevated PI-3Kinase signaling is responsible for the increased proliferation and survival of these cells [ 47 54 ] . Our subsequent studies were designed to test whether interruption of an upstream growth factor signal would have the same growth inhibitory effect as reintroduction of PTEN.
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