Words similar to phosphatidylinositol
Example sentences for: phosphatidylinositol
How can you use “phosphatidylinositol” in a sentence? Here are some example sentences to help you improve your vocabulary:
Phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol, and phosphatidylserine were from Avanti Polar Lipids (Alabaster, AL); phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate and phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate were from Calbiochem (San Diego, CA); and phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate was from Matreya, Inc. (Pleasant Gap, PA).
Spectrin and protein 4.1 form a complex with actin filaments [ 17 26 ] that may be important in signaling in additional to forming a physical link between the cytoskeletal network and the cell membrane [ 27 ] . Furthermore, PI4K activity has been shown to associate with the actin cytoskeleton by biochemical detergent extraction [ 28 ] and is thought to specifically localize with α3β1 integrin [ 29 ] . PI4K catalyzes the production of phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate, an intermediate in multiple phosphatidylinositol signaling pathways which itself can interact with actin binding proteins to regulate microfilament polymerization [ 30 ] . Our work now suggests that the mRNAs of these proteins are all positioned in close association with the actin cytoskeleton to permit efficient localization of their protein products.
asbt, apical sodium/bile acid cotransporter; GCA, glycocholic acid; GCDCA, glycochenodeoxycholic acid; HBAB, human bile acid binder; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; PI3K, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; TCA, taurocholic acid, TCDCA, taurochenodeoxycholic acid
Insulin transduces its cellular signal in most cell types via two signaling pathways, i.e., the p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway and the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase) pathway [ 8 ] . Insulin initially binds to the insulin receptor causing autophosphorylation of the β-subunit of the receptor [ 8 ] . The protein kinase domain of the β-subunit then phosphorylates tyrosine residues in insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1, IRS-2, IRS-3, or Shc, which then activates the p44/42 MAPK signaling cascade [ 8 ] . PD98059 is a cell permeable, non-competitive, reversible inhibitor of MAPK/extracellular signal-regulated kinase kinase (MEK), a protein kinase upstream of p44/42 MAPK [ 9 ] . Tyrosine phosphorylated IRS also activates the PI 3-kinase pathway [ 8 10 ] . There are at least three, well-characterized inhibitors of the PI 3-kinase pathway, i.e., wortmannin, LY294002, and rapamycin [ 11 12 13 ] . Wortmannin and LY294002 block the activation of PI 3-kinase itself [ 11 12 ] , while rapamycin prevents the phosphorylation of a downstream effector in the pathway, p70 S6 kinase [ 13 ] .
24 cells as described previously [ 44 ] . To prepare lipid suspension, phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylinositol (1:1) were sonicated in 25 mM 3-(N-morpholino)propanesulfonic acid (MOPS; pH 7.0), 1 mM EGTA, 1 mM Na 3 VO 4 . Cell extracts were assayed in 25 mM MOPS (pH 7.5), 5 mM MgCl 2 , 1 mM EGTA, 1 mM Na 3 VO 4 , 130 μM ATP, 20 μCi [ 32P]-ATP (3000 Ci/mmol) and 0.2 mg/ml sonicated lipids.
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