Words similar to phosphatidylinositol
Example sentences for: phosphatidylinositol
How can you use “phosphatidylinositol” in a sentence? Here are some example sentences to help you improve your vocabulary:
PI 3-kinase induces Btk membrane targeting by generating phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP3) to which the PH domain of Btk binds.
First, PTEN's protein phosphatase activity is able to down-regulate focal adhesion kinase (FAK) phosphorylation, which leads to the inactivation of the Ras/MAP kinase pathway [ 19 20 21 ] . Second, its lipid phosphatase activity targets the second messenger phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate [PtdIns(3,4,5)P 3 ] and thereby blocks activation of the protein kinase B (PKB/Akt) pathway [ 11 18 22 23 24 ] . Whereas both of the above pathways are intimately involved in the control of cell growth and survival, PTEN-regulated FAK activity further appears to impinge on cell adhesion, cell migration, and cell invasion [ 20 21 ] . It therefore emerges that the loss of PTEN activity may confer increased survival ability, proliferative potential, and invasive capacity on cells, and thereby may promote progression towards a more malignant phenotype.
asbt, apical sodium/bile acid cotransporter; GCA, glycocholic acid; GCDCA, glycochenodeoxycholic acid; HBAB, human bile acid binder; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; PI3K, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; TCA, taurocholic acid, TCDCA, taurochenodeoxycholic acid
Insulin transduces its cellular signal in most cell types via two signaling pathways, i.e., the p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway and the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase) pathway [ 8 ] . Insulin initially binds to the insulin receptor causing autophosphorylation of the β-subunit of the receptor [ 8 ] . The protein kinase domain of the β-subunit then phosphorylates tyrosine residues in insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1, IRS-2, IRS-3, or Shc, which then activates the p44/42 MAPK signaling cascade [ 8 ] . PD98059 is a cell permeable, non-competitive, reversible inhibitor of MAPK/extracellular signal-regulated kinase kinase (MEK), a protein kinase upstream of p44/42 MAPK [ 9 ] . Tyrosine phosphorylated IRS also activates the PI 3-kinase pathway [ 8 10 ] . There are at least three, well-characterized inhibitors of the PI 3-kinase pathway, i.e., wortmannin, LY294002, and rapamycin [ 11 12 13 ] . Wortmannin and LY294002 block the activation of PI 3-kinase itself [ 11 12 ] , while rapamycin prevents the phosphorylation of a downstream effector in the pathway, p70 S6 kinase [ 13 ] .
Btk is thought to be activated upon BCR cross-linking by a two-step mechanism involving phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase and the Src family PTK Lyn (reviewed in references [ 4, 5, 6]).
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