Words similar to phosphatidylinositol
Example sentences for: phosphatidylinositol
How can you use “phosphatidylinositol” in a sentence? Here are some example sentences to help you improve your vocabulary:
1ACh, acetylcholine; ARF, ADP-ribosylation factor; DAG, diacylglycerol; G3PDH, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase; MAChR, muscarinic acetylcholine receptor; PA, phosphatidic acid; PC, phosphatidylcholine; PIP 2 , phosphatidylinositol 4, 5-bisphosphate; PKC, protein kinase C; PLD, phospholipase D; PMA, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate; PP, phosphatidylpropanol; ROS, reactive oxygen species; TLC, thin layer chromatography.
Btk is thought to be activated upon BCR cross-linking by a two-step mechanism involving phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase and the Src family PTK Lyn (reviewed in references [ 4, 5, 6]).
First, PTEN's protein phosphatase activity is able to down-regulate focal adhesion kinase (FAK) phosphorylation, which leads to the inactivation of the Ras/MAP kinase pathway [ 19 20 21 ] . Second, its lipid phosphatase activity targets the second messenger phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate [PtdIns(3,4,5)P 3 ] and thereby blocks activation of the protein kinase B (PKB/Akt) pathway [ 11 18 22 23 24 ] . Whereas both of the above pathways are intimately involved in the control of cell growth and survival, PTEN-regulated FAK activity further appears to impinge on cell adhesion, cell migration, and cell invasion [ 20 21 ] . It therefore emerges that the loss of PTEN activity may confer increased survival ability, proliferative potential, and invasive capacity on cells, and thereby may promote progression towards a more malignant phenotype.
PI 3-kinase induces Btk membrane targeting by generating phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP3) to which the PH domain of Btk binds.
PLD1 is an extracellular signal-activated phospholipase; its activity rises when receptors for certain hormones, growth factors, neurotransmitters, cytokines, and other mediators are activated, and upon treatment of cells with phorbol esters (reviewed in [ 7 8 ] ). Studies using recombinant PLD1 tagged with green fluorescent protein or Flu-epitopes indicate that it is localized in the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, late endosomes, and plasma membrane ( [ 6 ] , reviewed in [ 7 ] ). In vitro, basal PLD1 activity is usually low and can be stimulated by a variety of factors, including phosphatidylinositol 4, 5-bisphosphate (PIP 2 ), protein kinase C (PKC), and several small GTPases, e.g.
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