Words similar to phosphatidylinositol
Example sentences for: phosphatidylinositol
How can you use “phosphatidylinositol” in a sentence? Here are some example sentences to help you improve your vocabulary:
fwd encodes a phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase (PI 4-kinase) that converts phosphatidylinositol (PI) to phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PIP) [ 40].
Spectrin and protein 4.1 form a complex with actin filaments [ 17 26 ] that may be important in signaling in additional to forming a physical link between the cytoskeletal network and the cell membrane [ 27 ] . Furthermore, PI4K activity has been shown to associate with the actin cytoskeleton by biochemical detergent extraction [ 28 ] and is thought to specifically localize with α3β1 integrin [ 29 ] . PI4K catalyzes the production of phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate, an intermediate in multiple phosphatidylinositol signaling pathways which itself can interact with actin binding proteins to regulate microfilament polymerization [ 30 ] . Our work now suggests that the mRNAs of these proteins are all positioned in close association with the actin cytoskeleton to permit efficient localization of their protein products.
ANOVA = analysis of variance; Erk= extracellular signal-regulated kinase; IC 50 = half-maximal inhibition; IRS = insulin receptor substrate; LDH = lactate dehydrogenase; MAPK = mitogen-activated protein kinase; MEK = MAPK/extracellular signal-regulated kinase kinase; mTOR = mammalian target of rapamycin; PBS = phosphate-buffered saline; PI 3-kinase = phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; RDS = respiratory distress syndrome; SD = standard deviation of the mean; SE = standard error of the mean; SP = surfactant protein; TPA = 12-
The samples were spotted along with pure phosphoinositol phosphate standards (Avanti Polar Lipids, Alabaster, AL, USA) onto 1.2% potassium oxalate impregnated TLC plates [ 45 ] . The chromatogram was developed in chloroform: methanol: water: aqueous ammonia (90:70:17:3) [ 46 ] . The incorporation of [ 32P] into phosphatidylinositol was quantitated by phosphorimaging using a Fuji BAS1000 phosphorimager.
PLD1 is an extracellular signal-activated phospholipase; its activity rises when receptors for certain hormones, growth factors, neurotransmitters, cytokines, and other mediators are activated, and upon treatment of cells with phorbol esters (reviewed in [ 7 8 ] ). Studies using recombinant PLD1 tagged with green fluorescent protein or Flu-epitopes indicate that it is localized in the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, late endosomes, and plasma membrane ( [ 6 ] , reviewed in [ 7 ] ). In vitro, basal PLD1 activity is usually low and can be stimulated by a variety of factors, including phosphatidylinositol 4, 5-bisphosphate (PIP 2 ), protein kinase C (PKC), and several small GTPases, e.g.
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