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Example sentences for: pdz
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This motif helps in the binding of the MAGUK with the C-terminus of proteins that have the consensus E (S/T) × (V/l) motif [ 19 ] . However the studies on the Drosophila protein InaD, which also has a PDZ domain, show that are other targets for the PDZ domain that do not have the consensus C-terminus binding motif [ 20 ] . Thus in DLG5 the PDZ domain may be binding to other targets that do not require the classic GLGF motif for interaction.
The DLG5 gene encodes for a protein that is a member of the MAGUK (Membrane Associated Guan late Kinase homologs) family of proteins located in the plasma membrane [ 2 ] . MAGUK is a new family of proteins that act as a molecular scaffold for intracellular signaling pathways [ 11 ] . The MAGUK family of proteins is characterized by domains that interact with other proteins to create an assembly of large multi-protein complexes [ 10 ] . The PDZ (PSD-95, DLG and ZO-1) domains are the best characterized for their binding to the C-terminal region of channels and transmembrane proteins [ 11 ] . Usually each protein has 1-3 copies of such domains [ 8 12 13 ] . The SH3 domain (Src homology 3) are present in proteins that couple transmembrane receptors to signaling molecules [ 14 ] . The presence of this domain in MAGUKs increases their possibilities of interacting with signaling pathways.
The MAGUK family of proteins [ 2 10 ] have characteristic domains which are present in DLG5: PDZ1 at bp 3763-4074, PDZ 2 domain 4186-4518 bp, SH3 domain bp 4570-4782 and the GUK domain at bp 4915-5539 (Figure 2).
It has recently been suggested that G-protein coupled receptors with PDZ domains, SH2-containing domains and PTB domains participate in protein-protein interactions with partners other than G-proteins, such as Grb2 and JAK2, which may allow these receptors to bypass the G-proteins and utilize other signaling cascades (29).
The number of examples in this category could be increased, and some have already been considered in the literature, for example the spurious discovery of a 'functional PDZ domain' in the molecular chaperone ClpA ([ 46], see refutation in [ 47]) or the finding of an ATPase domain and death effector domains in the apoptosis-associated protein FLASH ([ 48], see refutation in [ 49]).
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