Words similar to paracrine
Example sentences for: paracrine
How can you use “paracrine” in a sentence? Here are some example sentences to help you improve your vocabulary:
Because the result could not always be predicted by a mathematic estimation, there is a possibility that cell-cell contacts and some autocrine/paracrine production in a culture may alter the microenvironment thus determine the cytotoxicity caused by H 2 O 2 . Since cells with lower density are more susceptible to oxidative stress, there is a possibility that a vicious cycle exists such that when an area of RPE loses some of the constituent cells by oxidative stress, the remaining cells will become even more vulnerable to this insult.
An association between autocrine IL-6 and PCA has been known for some time [ 16 17 ] . The change in prostate cell phenotype from paracrine IL-6-stimulated to autocrine IL-6-stimulated is believed to be a contributing factor in the progression from benign hyperplasia to neoplasia [ 17 ] . IL-6 is also implicated in the development of cancer cell resistance to chemotherapy in PCA patients [ 18 19 ] . In other studies, a chimeric protein consisting of an anti-IL-6 Ab fused to Pseudomonas exotoxin was found to inhibit proliferation of prostate carcinoma cell lines [ 20 ] . Exogenous IL-6 activated androgen responsive gene expression in the absence of androgens in human LNCaP cells [ 21 ] . More work is needed to clarify the role of IL-6 in prostate neoplasia.
The concept of lung fibroblasts as effector cells in the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) has recently evolved [ 1 2 ] . Lung fibroblasts respond, in vitro , to inflammatory cytokines by producing growth factors and collagen, resulting in fibroblast proliferation and extracellular matrix deposition [ 2 3 4 ] . In addition, activated lung fibroblasts have been shown to produce large amounts of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, in vitro , and hence, these cells may also have a role as effector-inflammatory cells [ 1 2 ] . This capacity to produce both inflammatory and fibrotic factors could mean that phenotypically altered lung fibroblasts act simultaneously as effector and target cells, via paracrine and autocrine mechanisms, perpetuating the fibrotic process [ 2 ] .
, which is responsive to polycyclic ligands present in environmental toxicants) in promoting apoptosis during fetal oogenesis has recently been identified in mice [ 43 44 ] . Prospective endocrine/paracrine modifiers (which are altered by nutritional regimen) of the fates of fetal germ cells include glucocorticoids, thyroid hormones, insulin, growth hormone, insulin-like growth factors, and leptin [ 1 45 ] .
Less obvious abnormalities in ciliary body tissues may also affect IOP by altering the volume or composition of the aqueous humor produced and possibly by altering the drainage structures in a paracrine fashion [ 42 ] . Thus, more subtle metabolic abnormalities in the ciliary body may interact with the iridocorneal angle phenotypic variation and contribute to variability in IOP elevation between human patients.
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