Words similar to overgrowth
Example sentences for: overgrowth
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The mannose 6-phosphate/insulin-like growth factor 2 receptor (M6P/IGF2R) maps to chromosome location 6q25-27 [ 14 ] ; a chromosomal region predicted to contain a head and neck tumor suppressor gene [ 10 11 ] . It encodes for a receptor that functions in intracellular lysosomal enzyme trafficking, transforming growth factor beta activation, and IGF2 degradation (reviewed in [ 15 16 ] ). Granzyme B internalization by the M6P/IGF2R is also required for cytotoxic T cells to induce apoptosis in cells targeted for death, resulting in this receptor being referred to as a "death receptor" [ 17 ] . Elevated IGF2 levels during murine development arising from M6P/IGF2R deficiency result in cardiac abnormalities, cleft palate, fetal overgrowth and perinatal lethality [ 15 18 ] . Furthermore, large offspring syndrome frequently observed in cloned animals is associated with epigenetic changes in gene regulation and decreased M6P/IGF2R expression [ 19 ] . Thus, the M6P/IGF2R plays a crucial role in regulating mammalian fetal growth and development.
It is worth noting that the agonist-treated embryos exhibited overgrowth of the headfolds and hindbrain, reminiscent of Ptc1 -/-embryos (compare Figure 3e,mwith 3f,n).
Since autism is usually diagnosed around age two or three, when the brain is already abnormally large, Eric Courchesne and colleagues at University of California, San Diego (San Diego, California, United States) hypothesized that brain overgrowth must occur earlier, before signs of autism appear.
PTEN knockout mice die in-utero due to extensive overgrowth of the cephalic and caudal regions [ 12 16 ] . PTEN +/- heterozygous mice have a predisposition to tumors in multiple tissues often with loss of the second allele [ 17 18 ] . In-vitro, PTEN-/- embryonic stem cells and fibroblasts display increased proliferation and decreased sensitivity to apoptosis.
We noticed however, that initially slow growing cell lines produced with htk driven gene expression needed to be cloned early to prevent overgrowth of more rapidly growing cells that expressed high levels of Tag.
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