Words similar to ocd
Example sentences for: ocd
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For example, chronic treatment with fluoxetine decreases the release of AVP from rat hypothalamic organ cultures [ 36 ] . This finding is particularly noteworthy since alterations in AVP levels in the cerebrospinal fluid have been correlated with occurrences of OCD [ 15 16 ] . The occurrence of OCD has also been correlated with increased levels of oxytocin, a neuropeptide closely related to AVP [ 37 ] . In golden hamsters, the elevation of serotonin in the anterior hypothalamus following fluoxetine treatment can inhibit the activity of the AVP system related to aggressive behavior [ 10 11 ] . The ability of microinjected AVP in the anterior hypothalamus to enhance aggressive behavior in golden hamsters is blocked by fluoxetine treatment and serotonin 5HT 1A receptor agonists [ 10 ] . The present data include AVP-stimulated flank marking in the list of behaviors suppressed by fluoxetine treatment.
The doses and treatment regimen for each drug were comparable to those used in several preclinical studies examining the pharmacological control of OCD [ 25 38 39 ] . Acute drug trials were not attempted as the experimental design followed that of previously published studies [ 25 38 39 ] . After 2 weeks of treatment, hamsters were tested for flank marking after a microinjection of AVP (10 μM in 100 nl saline).
Selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors are recognized as an effective biological treatment for OCD [ 20 ] . In a double blind, placebo control study, treating over 500 patients with OCD, clomipramine was found to be superior to placebo [ 30 ] . Differences between clomipramine and placebo were noted as early as one week after the start of treatment, with significant clinical improvement occurring after six weeks of treatment.
Clomipramine is a non-selective re-uptake inhibitor of serotonin, and to some extent norepinephrine [ 21 ] and fluoxetine is a selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor [ 22 ] . Both of these drugs have proven to be effective in different animals models of OCD [ 23 ] . As an additional control, hamsters were also treated with desipramine, a noradrenergic re-uptake inhibitor [ 24 ] that has been found ineffective in inhibiting OCD in preclinical [ 25 ] and clinical studies [ 26 27 ] .
Prior reports of sex differences in COMT expression in humans [ 77 ] as well as effects of gender on behavior in COMT loss-of-function mouse models [ 78 ] and reports of preferential transmission of the low activity Methionine alleles in females with OCD [ 79 ] suggested that gender could interact with ANT performance.
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