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Example sentences for: nucleotidyl
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In contrast to the template-dependent RNA polymerases, which have several distinct scaffolds of the catalytic domains, all template-independent RNA polymerases have the same fold of the principal catalytic domain and belong to the pol β superfamily of nucleotidyl transferases [ 29 30 ] .
The classical adenylyl cyclases, guanylyl cyclases and the GGDEF (diguanylate cyclase) domains share the catalytic palm domain with the family B DNA polymerases, reverse transcriptases, viral RNA dependent RNA polymerases and eukaryote-type primases [ 4 13 14 ] . The pathogenic adenylyl cyclases of several bacteria and the CyaA-like proteobacteria adenylyl cyclases are extremely divergent versions of the catalytic domain seen in the Pol-β family of nucleotidyl transferases [ 15 ] (also see SCOP database: http://scop.mrc-lmb.cam.ac.uk/scop/).
HD domains typically possess phosphoesterase activity, and are fused to catalytic domains that possess nucleotide kinase, nucleotidyltransferase, nucleotide cyclase or diguanylate cyclase activity [ 19 29 ] . This fits well with the observed cyclase activity seen in CyaB, but is also consistent with phosphotransferase or nucleotidyl transferase for the CYTH domain.
Analogous active sites, that coordinate two metal ions, are observed in domains with similar activities, such as the classical adenylyl/guanylyl cyclases, family B DNA polymerases, pol-β fold nucleotidyl transferases, and triphosphatases or phosphoesterases of the HD and DHH superfamilies [ 11 15 19 20 ] . Consistent with these observations, both CyaB and ThTPase have been shown to require Mg 2+ions for their nucleotide cyclase and phosphatase activities [ 16 17 ] .
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