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Example sentences for: nsgcts
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Four of the five SGCTs that exhibited promoter hypermethylation were methylated at a single locus and one tumor at two loci, whereas 27 of the 38 NSGCTs exhibited two or more methylated loci.
Histologically, 29 of these tumors were SGCTs, 44 NSGCTs, and 19 mixed or combined tumors.
A unique feature of GCTs is their origin from germ cells at a stage in development where they undergo epigenetic reprogramming [ 6 13 ] . The absence of this epigenetic modification in SGCTs is consistent with their GC-like nature as previously noted [ 6 14 ] . On the other hand, the extensive promoter hypermethylation seen in NSGCTs suggests a mechanistic role in their potential for embryonal and extra-embryonal lineage differentiation [ 6 14 ] . Establishment of DNA methylation in the mammalian genome is controlled by at least three DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs), DNMT1 , DNMT3a and DNMT3b [ 15 ] . The role of these DNMTs in differential de novo methylation in SGCT vs.
Several studies have shown that both NSGCTs and SGCTs exhibit similar genetic alterations, including isochromosome for the short arm of chromosome 12, i(12p) [ 6 ] . Thus epigenetic alterations such as those detected in the current study is one distinct molecular change that distinguishes these two histologic subsets.
NSGCTs display complex differentiation patterns that include embryonal, extra-embryonal, and somatic tissue types [ 6 ] . Teratomas with somatic differentiation can undergo additional malignant transformation with characteristics of epithelial, mesenchymal, neurogenic, or hematologic tumors [ 7 ] . While the majority of GCTs exhibit exquisite sensitivity to cisplatin-based chemotherapy, a small proportion of metastatic tumors remain resistant.
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