Words similar to nematodes
Example sentences for: nematodes
How can you use “nematodes” in a sentence? Here are some example sentences to help you improve your vocabulary:
MI00244.cl, for example, had homology to 47 ESTs in our collection from other Tylenchida species including root-knot nematodes M. javanica, M. hapla and M. arenaria , cyst nematodes H. glycines and G. rostochiensis , and the lesion nematode Pratylenchus penetrans with E-values from 7e-78 to 3e-05.
An analysis of small subunit ribosomal RNA (18S rRNA) sequences challenged this arrangement by placing acoelomate and pseudocoelomate phyla in more derived positions among the protostomes, and in further defining a clade (Ecdysozoa) of molting animals that includes arthropods and nematodes [ 3 ] . This "Ecdysozoa" hypothesis has influenced diverse fields [ 4 ] and interpretations of developmental evolution in animals [ 5 6 7 ] . Since its publication, evidence has appeared both for and against this hypothesis [ 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 ] . Knowing the branching order of the major animal lineages, especially those three with fully sequenced genomes, is of importance to diverse fields such as medical genetics, physiology, neurobiology, paleontology, and astrobiology.
Alternatively, the transfer event may be more recent, such as to the progenitor of the Meloidogyne lineage since its divergence from the cyst nematodes (event 'b' in Figure 1), or in a lineage leading to a single Meloidogyne species (event 'c').
The pectate lyase gene (MI00592) was identified in G. rostochiensis and H. glycines [ 17 ] and the exo-polygalacturonase (MI00252) was identified in our M. incognita data [ 21 22 ] . Because of the obvious role of nematode genes that allow endogenous production of cell-wall degrading enzymes in attacking a plant host, it has been hypothesized that their acquisition by HGT may have been key steps in the evolution of plant-parasitic nematodes from ancestral free-living forms [ 3 ] . In that model, an intermediate, symbiotic association of a soil-dwelling (but free-living) nematode with a soil bacterium possessing these enzymes is postulated before the HGT event.
Applying RNAi techniques directly to parasitic nematodes is challenging owing to the organisms' generally longer and more complex life cycles, including the requirement for passage through a host organism.
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