Words similar to medulloblastoma
Example sentences for: medulloblastoma
How can you use “medulloblastoma” in a sentence? Here are some example sentences to help you improve your vocabulary:
APC mutations have been identified in medulloblastoma cell lines and up to 4% of sporadic medulloblastomas [ 16 17 ] . Furthermore, point mutations or small deletions in β- catenin exon 3 have been identified in 5-10% of sporadic medulloblastomas and in supratentorial primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNETs) [ 17 18 19 ] . Finally, large deletions in AXIN were recently found in 12% of sporadic medulloblastomas [ 20 ] . In the absence of Wnt signaling β-catenin is sequestered in the cytoplasm, and nuclear translocation of β-catenin has been used to monitor activation of the Wnt pathway in a number of different tumor types.
Mutations in the Hedgehog pathway members PTCH , PTCH 2 , SUFU and Smo , have all been identified in sporadic medulloblastomas as well, with approximately 25% of cases containing mutations affecting these genes [ 5 6 7 8 9 ] . A murine medulloblastoma model was recently developed by disruption of the PTCH gene, with medulloblastoma-like tumors arising in 10-15% of heterozygotes by 9 months of age [ 10 11 ] . Breeding PTCH mice to p53 knockout animals markedly increased tumor incidence.
Overall, our data suggest that activation of Wnt signaling in adult cerebellar and cortical neurons may not be sufficient for formation of medulloblastoma/PNET.
First, co-transfection of the cDNA used to make our transgenic mice and the TOPFLASH Wnt pathway reporter plasmid into DAOY medulloblastoma cells resulted in over forty-fold induction of reporter activity.
Transcriptional activity of β-catenin constructs in medulloblastoma DAOY cells
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