Example sentences for: lpar
How can you use “lpar” in a sentence? Here are some example sentences to help you improve your vocabulary:
It is hypothesized that trans-tyrosine phosphorylation of the EGFR creates protein phosphotyrosine binding sites that act as a surrogate scaffold for ERK activation [ 7 ] . Since ORs share many similarities with LPAR and β 2 -ARs in the way they activate the ERK pathway [ 9 15 ] , we chose to examine whether RTK transactivation occurs and is a necessary aspect of δ-opioid-mediated ERK activation.
It is possible, that the dual coupling of the LPAR to both inhibitory (G i ) and stimulatory (G 12/13 and G q ) G proteins is a reason for these differences.
In this report, we questioned whether the EGFR acts as a surrogate scaffold during ERK activation through the δ-OR, as it appears to do for several other GPCRs [ 7 ] . To act as a surrogate-binding site for complex formation, the literature states that this protein must first become tyrosine-phosphorylated [ 7 ] . Tyrosine phosphorylation of the EGFR is apparent after agonist stimulation of the α 2 -AR (COS-7), β 2 -AR (COS-7), insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1; COS-7), substance P, and the lysophosphatidic acid receptor (LPAR) [ 7 ] . In addition, each of the aforementioned ligands also increases ERK phosphorylation when the proper receptor is expressed in these cell lines.
For a number of GPCRs, including the lysophosphatidic acid (LPAR) [ 7 ] , β-adrenergic 2 (β 2 -AR) [ 8 ] and μ- and δ-OR receptors [ 9 ] , the activation of a non-receptor tyrosine kinase of the Src or focal adhesion kinase (FAK) [ 10 ] families are involved.
, [ 14 ] have demonstrated that stimulation of LPAR (G i/q -coupled) and β 2 -ARs (G s -coupled), respectively, results in the "transactivation /transphosphorylation" of co-expressed EGFRs.
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