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Example sentences for: lak
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Following low dose IL-2 treatment in leprosy patients, NK cell numbers were found to increase 6-fold and IL-2 therapy of HIV patients resulted in enhanced NK and LAK cell activity in vitro [ 18 ] IL-2 subcutaneously given resulted in, in vivo expansion of CD16 positive NK cells to very large numbers which showed LAK activity and ADCC (Antibody Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity) in vitro [ 19 ] . In view of the above mentioned and other reports available in literature, a pilot study was undertaken to see the effect of IL-2 and/or IL-12 stimulation on a long term basis and study the phenotypic changes corresponding to the cytotoxic changes after in vitro culture of the peripheral blood lymphocytes.
This has been referred to as the LAK phenomenon [ 1 ] . Similarly IL-12 treatment of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) or pure NK cells within a few hours, induces, an enhancement of cytotoxic ability.
However before this picture about the involvement of NK cells in LAK activity emerged there existed considerable controversy regarding the type of effector cells mediating this activity, particularly concerning the relative contributions by the two lymphocyte populations, NK Vs cytotoxic T cells [ 5 6 7 8 9 ] . Experiments in which, depletion of Asialo-GM (a glycolipid present on the surface of NK cells) was carried out, demonstrated, that the generation of LAK cells followed by IL-2 stimulation was considerably reduced, thereby confirming that the NK cells are the major contributors of LAK activity [ 10 ] . Further, studies with sorted pure populations of CD3/NK cells also showed that the LAK phenomenon is predominantly mediated by IL-2 activated NK cells.
Therefore we generated LAK cells by the method of Anita and Hersh [ 13 ] and carried out cytotoxicity experiments with the stimulated cells.
Some researchers have reported the ability of CD56 positive T cells to exhibit spontaneous killing against some of the targets such as K562 or P815, upon stimulation with IL-2 [ 22 23 24 25 ] . However Lanier and Philips who carried out extensive studies on the LAK phenomenon have emphasised that although CD16+ T cells exhibit non-MHC-restricted cytotoxicity to some targets upon IL-2 stimulation, their contribution was quantitatively and qualitatively very minimal as compared to the NK subset [ 7 11 ] . The differences in the ability of lymphocytes of different phenotypes to respond to IL-2 stimulation and carry out spontaneous lysis of different targets could probably be attributed to the differential expression of inhibitory receptors present on the targets such as KIR and CD94:NKG2 [ 26 ] .
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