Words similar to idiopathic
Example sentences for: idiopathic
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The concept of lung fibroblasts as effector cells in the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) has recently evolved [ 1 2 ] . Lung fibroblasts respond, in vitro , to inflammatory cytokines by producing growth factors and collagen, resulting in fibroblast proliferation and extracellular matrix deposition [ 2 3 4 ] . In addition, activated lung fibroblasts have been shown to produce large amounts of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, in vitro , and hence, these cells may also have a role as effector-inflammatory cells [ 1 2 ] . This capacity to produce both inflammatory and fibrotic factors could mean that phenotypically altered lung fibroblasts act simultaneously as effector and target cells, via paracrine and autocrine mechanisms, perpetuating the fibrotic process [ 2 ] .
Deletion of the DAZ genes is found in about 10% of infertile males with idiopathic azoospermia [ 2 ] , and disruption of Dazl1 causes infertility in both male and female mice [ 6 ] . Mutations in the DAZ family members of Drosophila [ 7 ] , C. elegans [ 8 ] , and Xenopus [ 9 ] also affect the fertility in either males, females, or both sexes.
The other four of the 13 patients had hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (46,XY); two of this group had Kallmann's syndrome and two had idiopathic cryptorchidism.
Of particular interestis the use of carvedilol [ 12 13 14 15 16 ] .Carvedilol is a novel multiple-action neurohormonal antagonist.Its primary activities are nonselective β-adrenoceptor blockade,vasodilatation (mediated through α1-adrenoceptor blockade), andantioxidant activity [ 12 ] . In many clinical studies,carvedilol has been shown to improve left ventricular function andsymptoms in patients with ischemic heart disease or idiopathic dilatedcardiomyopathy [ 13 14 15 16 ] andto dramatically reduce mortality [ 17 ] .However, it remains unclear how carvedilol improves ventricular functionin heart failure.
The remaining patient in the idiopathic group had no explanation for their low SVR syndrome.
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