Words similar to herpesviruses
Example sentences for: herpesviruses
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To avoid this, CAP in micronized form (which does not aggregate at low pH), instead of CAP in soluble form is being considered as a topical microbicide [ 30 31 32 33 34 35 ] . Micronized CAP (Aquateric) was shown to be virucidal against HIV-1, herpesviruses and several nonviral sexually transmitted disease (STD) pathogens [ 30 31 32 33 34 ] . The virucidal activity of micronized CAP could at least partly be explained by its buffering capacity at low pH [ 40 ] since it is a free acid while other anionic polymeric microbicide candidates (except BufferGel, the active ingredient of which is Carbomer 974P [ 27 ] ) are sodium salts.
They usually produce inaparent infection or transient immune compromise in otherwise healthy hosts but are able to cause life-threatening primary or reactivated infections in individuals with congenital or acquired T-cell immunodeficiencies [ 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 ] . The spectrum of diseases caused by lymphotropic herpesviruses is well documented in patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation (BMT) [ 8 9 10 11 ] or organ transplantation [ 12 13 ] and in individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) [ 14 15 ] . In patients undergoing conventional anticancer therapy without BMT, the data focusing on EBV, CMV or HHV-6 infection are scarcely documented and mostly reported as individual cases [ 16 17 18 19 ] . With combined diagnostic approach of serology and viral DNA detection we performed a prospective study of children undergoing non-BMT therapy for cancer to demostrate the incidence of LH infections.
Frequent infection with herpesviruses has long been recognized in patients undergoing allogeneic transplantation [ 7 8 ] and in patients with acute leukemia [ 1 2 ] . In patients with acute leukemia it has been reported that as many as two thirds of seropositive patients can develop reactivation of herpes simplex virus infection during remission induction therapy [ 26 ] . The risk of CMV infection in acute leukemia patients was recognized almost 30 years ago [ 27 ] but is of particular concern in patients undergoing allogeneic transplantation [ 2 28 ] . EBV infection is frequently associated with post-transplantation lymphoproliferative disorders in T cell-depleted grafts [ 29 ] . As recently reported, HHV-6 can also be associated with bone marrow supression [ 30 ] , encephalitis and pneumonitis [ 7 8 ] after allogeneic transplantation.
The RDRPs of RNA viruses define one major lineage of nucleic acid polymerases, which additionally includes reverse transcriptases, archaeo-eukaryotic DNA polymerases, and nucleotide cyclases [ 8 9 10 11 12 13 ] . The DNA-dependent RNA polymerase of certain bacteriophages, such as T7, and the archaeo-eukaryotic primase (also detected in some bacteria) are divergent derivatives of the same fold [ 11 14 ] . The core catalytic domain of all these enzymes, the so-called "palm" domain, has an RNA-recognition motif (RRM)-like fold with strategically placed metal-coordinating residues, which form the active site [ 11 15 16 ] . In contrast, bacterial DnaG-type primases (also present in archaea and some eukaryotes) contain a polymerase domain of the Rossmann-like TOPRIM fold, which is shared with topoisomerases and OLD-family nucleases [ 17 18 19 ] . The recently solved structures of the DDRPs from yeast and the thermophilic bacterium Thermus thermophilus indicate that the β' subunit (according to the subunit nomenclature of Escherichia coli DDRP, which we hereinafter employ to designate all orthologs of the respective E. coli subunits) of these enzymes defines another distinct catalytic scaffold, which is unrelated to any of the above template-dependent RNA polymerases [ 20 21 22 23 24 ] . Additionally, the structural and evolutionary affinities of two other template-dependent RNA polymerases, namely RDRPs involved in PTGS [ 25 26 27 ] and primases of herpesviruses [ 28 ] , remain obscure.
Lymphotropic herpesviruses (LH) Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), cytomegalovirus (CMV) and human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6) establish a lifelong persistent infection in a great majority of humans.
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