Words similar to hallmarks
Example sentences for: hallmarks
How can you use “hallmarks” in a sentence? Here are some example sentences to help you improve your vocabulary:
The structural and biochemical properties of PfPP5 described herein are hallmarks of the PP5 class, and thus establish PfPP5 as a likely player in parasitic signal transduction, and hence a potential target for antimalarial drug design.
One of the hallmarks of competitive pricing is that higher prices are charged to higher-demand customers.
One of the hallmarks of cancer includes the accumulation of mutations in key genes, namely DNA repair genes [ 4 ] , tumor suppressor genes [ 5 6 ] , and proto-oncogenes [ 5 6 ] , accompanied by the loss of the wildtype allele, resulting in loss of heterozygosity [LOH, see reviews by [ 7 8 9 ] ]. Pancreatic cancer, which results in the death of approximately 30,000 Americans annually and is the fourth leading cause of cancer mortalities in the United States, exhibits this hallmark [ 10 ] . For example, in pancreatic cancer there is a high incidence of mutations (>50%) in the tumor suppressor genes p16, p53 and DPC4 and approximately 90% of cases coincide with a mutation in the oncogene K- ras 2 [see review by [ 11 ] ]. Furthermore, a significant percentage of tumors harboring a mutated copy of DPC4 or p53 also lose the corresponding wildtype allele, resulting in LOH [see reviews by [ 11 12 ] ].
The ability of cancer cells to proliferate within a tissue depends on their response to adhesive and growth factor cues within the ECM [ 10 ] , and self-sufficiency in growth signals is one of the hallmarks of cancer [ 11 ] . To stimulate their own growth and proliferation in tissue, tumor cells can overproduce and release their own growth factors or obtain them from the matrix as they are released by matrix metalloproteinases [ 12 ] . The endothelial vasculature grows into the tumor and provides nutrients and oxygen [ 13 ] . This model is illustrated by the experimental results presented here, as both A549 (lung) and U118 (brain) cell lines are observed to upregulate one set of genetic programs related to cell growth and proliferation when in culture and another set related to cell adhesion, the extracellular matrix, growth substances, and neovascularization when developing as an in vivo tumor.
However, these patterns do not demonstrate other hallmarks of differential 'lead time bias'.
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