Words similar to granulosa
Example sentences for: granulosa
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C/EBP is previously reported to be an important accessory factor for transactivation by several other transcription factors [ 26 ] . C/EBPβ was shown to transactivate the α1-acid glycoprotein gene promoter even when mutated in the DNA-binding domain, and this activation appeared to depend on protein-protein interaction with glucocorticoid receptor through the leucine zipper region [ 27 ] . Recently, a conserved domain in C/EBPα and C/EBPβ was shown to mediate cAMP responsiveness, strengthening the fact that C/EBP may be characterized as a cAMP-responsive nuclear regulator [ 28 29 ] . On the COX-2 promoter in granulosa cells, cAMP-mediated regulation was shown to be mediated primarily by an E-box that bind USF1 and USF2 isoforms in a manner resembling the RIIβ E-box in Sertoli cells [ 30 ] . Transactivation of the COX-2 gene in skin carcinoma cells is highly dependent on this E-box together with a C/EBP binding site that bind C/EBPβ and C/EBPδ [ 31 ] . These data strengthens a model of formation of a cAMP-responsive unit (CRU) containing USF and C/EBP.
Yet, cell surface staining was observed only on classic LH/CG targets, granulosa and theca cells of preovulatory follicles and mature luteal cells, but also in the vaginal epithelium.
Early differentiation of granulosa, luteal, and other cell types expressing LHR was associated with cytoplasmic LHR immunoreactivity, reflecting receptor synthesis prior its surface expression.
Data obtained previously in our laboratory suggest that inhibition of granulosa I Kur should be associated with a +10 to +20 mV depolarization of cell resting membrane potential; block of I Ks alone decreased resting potential by +10 mV while block of both I Ks and I Kur decreased resting potential by +20 to +30 mV [ 18 ] . Most previous investigations of 4-AP effects on the resting membrane potentials of non-nerve, non-muscle cells have similarly demonstrated drug-induced depolarization [ 42 60 ] , although there is a single report showing 4-AP-induced hyperpolarization of chondrocyte membrane potential [ 62 ] .
The bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) family including ligands, receptors, and binding proteins, has emerged as a central player in ovary physiology and female fertility [ 1 ] . The BMPs represent a large subclass of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) surperfamily of ligands whose biological responses are mediated by Ser/Thr kinase receptors via the Smad-signaling molecules [ 2 ] . The mRNAs encoding several BMP family members have been identified in the murine ovary, including the ligands, BMP-2 [ 3 ] , BMP-3 [ 3 ] , BMP-3b [ 3 ] , BMP-4 [ 4 ] , BMP-6 [ 5 ] , BMP-7 [ 4 ] , BMP-15 [ 6 7 8 ] , the BMP receptors, BMPR-IA, BMPR-IB and BMPR-II [ 4 ] and the BMP binding protein, follistatin (FS) [ 9 ] . In the murine, BMP-4 and -7 mRNA have been identified in the theca interstitial cells [ 4 ] , BMP-6 and -15 in oocytes [ 5 6 7 8 ] , BMPR-IA, BMPR-IB and BMPR-II in oocytes and granulosa cells (GCs) [ 4 ] , and FS in granulosa and lutein cells [ 9 10 ] .
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