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Example sentences for: fadd
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Another potential explanation is tissue hypoxia, which has been suggested to upregulate Fas in the kidney [ 36 37 ] . MDCK cells in culture demonstrated increased expression of Fas, FasL and FADD in response to partial ATP depletion [ 40 ] . Fas and FasL expression in the kidney may serve as indicators of cellular stress.
In addition, mutations at the catalytic FADD box in the reverse transcriptase domain (codons 700-703), a cysteine-rich region (1143, 1147, 1160, and the invariant HC at 1155-1156), and the conserved blocks of amino acids 1091-1094(HMKK) and 1096-1098(888) result in reduced L1 transposition activity [ 14].
Fas associated death domain, FADD) [ 30 ] ultimately activating members of the caspase family resulting in apoptosis.
Fas contains a single transmembrane domain and belongs to the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)/nerve growth factor family [ 8 ] . FasL contains a single transmembrane domain and is also a member of the same TNF family [ 9 ] . A soluble form of FasL has been described, but appears to be less capable of inducing apoptosis, when compared with the bound form [ 10 11 ] . The binding of FasL with Fas initiates receptor oligomerization, which recruits Fas-associated death domain (FADD) [ 12 ] . FADD binds procaspase-8 and permits activation of caspase-8 through self-cleavage [ 13 ] . Caspase-8 activates the effector caspases, which commits the cell to the orderly process of apoptosis [ 14 15 ] . In addition, caspase-8 cleaves Bcl-2-interactive-death-agonist (Bid) [ 16 ] . Truncated Bid localizes to the mitochondria and promotes cytochrome c release; this process also serves as a major apoptotic-signaling pathway for Fas [ 16 17 18 ] . Depending upon the amount of caspase-8 that is activated, the predominant pathway can be either Bid cleavage with subsequent mitochondrial release of cytochrome c or activation of the effector caspase pathway [ 18 ] . Resident cells of the kidney express both Fas and FasL and Fas/FasL signaling is functional in these cells [ 19 20 21 22 23 24 ] . A recent review by Ortiz and associates [ 25 ] noted that the combined literature demonstrating participation of Fas/FasL pathway in renal injury essentially fulfilled Koch's postulates.
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