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Example sentences for: doherty
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The role of genetics in modulating the immune response to infectious diseases is a topic of longstanding interest among epidemiologists, clinicians, population geneticists, and immunologists [ 1 2 ] . Zinkernagel and Doherty's Nobel Prize-winning discovery that cellular immunity to viral infections was "restricted" by the highly variable proteins of the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) brought the field of immunogenetics into sharper focus [ 3 ] . Their demonstration that T lymphocytes recognize virus antigens displayed on a host cell "in the context of" MHC proteins immediately suggested the idea that genetic differences at the loci encoding the MHC might modulate the intensity and effectiveness of host response to infection.
These interesting but nonconclusive results in humans spurred us on to use neuroimaging on a modified version of a probabilistic reversal learning task designed by Julia Hornak and John O'Doherty (Hornak et al.
As noted by Doherty and Zinkernagel [ 4 ] , simple dominance for resistance to each of several diseases can create allele-specific overdominance for total fitness, if different alleles confer resistance to different diseases [ 10 31 ] . For these reasons, our results, while relevant to the longstanding debate over the relative importance of various kinds of balancing selection in maintaining MHC diversity [ 32 ] , raise doubts about only one of several lines of evidence for the overdominance hypothesis.
We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to show that dissociable activity in the medial orbitofrontal cortex was correlated with the magnitude of the monetary gains received, while activity in the lateral orbitofrontal cortex was correlated with the monetary losses incurred (O'Doherty et al.
A second, distinct but compatible hypothesis was suggested by Doherty and Zinkernagel soon after their discovery of MHC restriction: since each MHC allele provides an infected individual with the ability to present a particular set of antigens, individuals who are heterozygous (say, genotype XY) at a particular MHC locus may mount a more vigorous immune response to a given infection, resulting in a better outcome, than individuals who are homozygous for either of the corresponding alleles (XX or YY) [ 4 ] .
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