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Example sentences for: doherty
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As noted by Doherty and Zinkernagel [ 4 ] , simple dominance for resistance to each of several diseases can create allele-specific overdominance for total fitness, if different alleles confer resistance to different diseases [ 10 31 ] . For these reasons, our results, while relevant to the longstanding debate over the relative importance of various kinds of balancing selection in maintaining MHC diversity [ 32 ] , raise doubts about only one of several lines of evidence for the overdominance hypothesis.
Doherty and Zinkernagel [ 20 ] demonstrated using congenic mice that MHC homozygotes had more vigorous immune responses to lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) than the corresponding homozygotes, but since the pathology of the infection they used is due to the immune response, the enhanced immune response actually resulted in reduced survival.
We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to show that dissociable activity in the medial orbitofrontal cortex was correlated with the magnitude of the monetary gains received, while activity in the lateral orbitofrontal cortex was correlated with the monetary losses incurred (O'Doherty et al.
A second, distinct but compatible hypothesis was suggested by Doherty and Zinkernagel soon after their discovery of MHC restriction: since each MHC allele provides an infected individual with the ability to present a particular set of antigens, individuals who are heterozygous (say, genotype XY) at a particular MHC locus may mount a more vigorous immune response to a given infection, resulting in a better outcome, than individuals who are homozygous for either of the corresponding alleles (XX or YY) [ 4 ] .
These interesting but nonconclusive results in humans spurred us on to use neuroimaging on a modified version of a probabilistic reversal learning task designed by Julia Hornak and John O'Doherty (Hornak et al.
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