Words similar to divalent
Example sentences for: divalent
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NTPDases do not form phosphorylated intermediates during catalysis, a conclusion also supported by lack of vanadate sensitivity and Pi product inhibition [ 3 4 5 6 ] . The catalytic reaction appears to be irreversible and no partial reactions have been observed [ 7 8 ] . Divalent cations like Ca 2+or Mg 2+are required for activity, and maximal activity is reached when the concentrations of substrates and divalent cations are equal [ 1 ] . The specific activities of NTPDases vary over a broad range from ten thousand units for potato apyrase to less than one hundred units for chicken gizzard ecto-ATPase [ 9 10 ] . Sequence comparisons indicate that most of NTPDases contain five highly conserved regions, apyrase conserved region, ACR1 - ACR5 [ 9 11 ] . However, the catalytic sites have not been identified, although ACR1 and ACR4 have been implicated in β- and γ-phosphate binding, respectively [ 9 ] .
Some of the RNA polymerases function as single-subunit proteins, whereas others form large complexes that consist of multiple, distinct subunits; however, in all known cases, the basic catalytic activity maps to a single polypeptide containing a characteristic metal-chelating active site [ 5 6 7 ] . Typically, active sites of polymerases contain acidic or polar residues, which coordinate divalent metal cations, most often Mg 2+.
Subsequently, the two subunits diverged from each other, with one (β') acquiring a divalent cation-binding site in the insert between the two terminal strands of the DPBB, whereas the DPBB in the other (β) subunit acquired two basic residues that interacted with the nucleic acid.
Finally inclusion of EDTA in the reaction mixture inhibited the binding reaction suggesting that the divalent cations are essential for this binding activity.
In our experience, the divalent cations in PBS(+) prevented the cellular retraction seen within a few minutes with PBS and are necessary to maintain interactions between DOTMAC-resistant components and the substrate (data not shown).
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