Words similar to diphtheria
Example sentences for: diphtheria
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Expression of an attenuated diphtheria toxin gene under the control of rhodopsin promoter results in the specific elimination of rod photoreceptors in the retina [ 34].
The precursor of heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (proHB-EGF) is found on a wide variety of cell surfaces and is present in numerous tissue types [ 1 ] . Previously in our laboratory, we cloned the cDNA encoding proHB-EGF from monkey Vero cells and identified this cell-surface molecule as a receptor for diphtheria toxin (DT) [ 2 ] . The predicted amino acid sequence was shown to be identical to that of the cell surface-expressed precursor of human heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (proHB-EGF) [ 3 4 ] . The derived amino acid sequence revealed a signal sequence (residues 1-23), an extracellular domain (residues 24-159), a transmembrane domain (residues 160-184), and a carboxyl terminal cytoplasmic domain (residues 185-208) [ 2 ] . Proteolytic processing of the proHB-EGF occurs on the cell surface and results in the release of mature HB-EGF (mHB-EGF) (residues 63-148) [ 5 ] . The mature/soluble HB-EGF is a member of the EGF family of growth factors that includes amphiregulin, epidermal growth factor, and transforming growth factor a [ 6 ] . Mature HB-EGF released from the cell surface is mitogenic and is able to bind to the EGF receptor [ 3 ] . Membrane-bound proHB-EGF has juxtacrine growth factor activity [ 7 ] and also acts as a DT receptor [ 2 8 ] .
The membrane-bound precursor and soluble forms of heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor (HB-EGF) contribute to a variety of cellular developmental processes [ 1 ] . The observations of HB-EGF in cell and tissue types have suggested roles for HB-EGF in numerous cellular and tissue events such as: cell movement, extracellular matrix formation, tumor formation and cell adherence [ 1 ] . As described above, the membrane-bound precursor of HB-EGF (proHB-EGF) is also the cell-surface receptor for diphtheria toxin (DT) in DT-sensitive cells [ 2 ] .
When cases of hepatitis A, acute gastroenteritis, tuberculosis, diphtheria, or pediculosis were reported, disinfection of homes, schools, day-care centers and work places was conducted by public health workers who used chloramine application and steam cleaning of all hard surfaces and laundering of all clothing and bedding materials.
The former Soviet Union (FSU)-wide diphtheria outbreak in the 1990s [ 4 ] and the re-emergence of malaria in Tadjikistan in 1991 [ 5 ] and in Armenia [ 6 ] and Azerbaijan [ 7 ] in 1994 indicated that financial constraints resulting in the disruption of public health infrastructure and services had increased the risk of the re-emergence of infectious diseases [ 8 ] .
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