Words similar to dicer
Example sentences for: dicer
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This silencing pathway uses short RNAs produced by Dicer and other RNAi components to direct methylation of DNA-associated proteins (histones), thus generating condensed, transcriptionally silent chromosome regions (heterochromatin) (see Figure 1).
The eukaryotic RDRP is part of a large ensemble of functionally linked proteins, which include the Dicer helicase-nuclease, PIWI family proteins, the Hen-2/Corymbosa-like RNA methylase, AlkB-related RNA demethylases, and Lin28-like RNA-binding proteins [ 1 45 46 ] . Since no closely related homologs of any of these proteins are encoded in the genomes of the phages that encode YRH proteins, the latter are unlikely to function in a biological context similar to that of the eukaryotic RDRPs.
In contrast to the ubiquitous DDRP, cellular RDRPs that are involved in PTGS so far have been detected only in eukaryotes [ 1 26 ] . The PTGS phenomenon covers a variety of complementarity-dependent silencing pathways, such as RNA interference (RNAi) in animals and slime mold, co-suppression (silencing of transgene and the corresponding endogenous genes) and virus gene resistance in plants, and quelling in fungi, all of which share a common mechanism of RNA turnover [ 28 37 38 39 40 ] . Essentially, double-stranded (ds) RNA, which is formed in these processes, triggers the activation of a sequence-specific RNA degradation system, which targets homologous RNAs [ 41 42 ] . The dsRNA is broken down by the Dicer enzyme into 21-25 nucleotide (nt) fragments called small interfering RNA or siRNAs [ 43 44 45 ] . The siRNAs subsequently associate with a complex of proteins called RISC and target homologous RNA by serving as guides for multiple rounds of RNA cleavage [ 45 46 ] .
The central player in RNA-mediated gene silencing is a double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) that is chopped into tiny RNAs by the enzyme Dicer.
Second, there appears to be measurable selective pressure on the sequence of the non-miRNA arm, above and beyond the necessity to maintain a certain degree of helical structure that would make it a Dicer substrate.
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