Words similar to cryptosporidiosis
Example sentences for: cryptosporidiosis
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Cryptosporidium oocysts have an ubiquitous geographic distribution and can be detected in most surface drinking water sources [ 8 ] . The oocysts are resistant to environmental degradation [ 9 ] , survive chlorination water treatment, and are too small (4 to 6 microns) to be removed by conventional water filters [ 6 ] . Risk factors for acquiring cryptosporidiosis have been determined primarily in studies of community-wide outbreaks, and drinking water has been implicated as the source of these outbreaks [ 9 10 11 12 13 14 ] . Case-control studies in AIDS patients have also been conducted during outbreaks [ 12 15 ] , but levels of endemic risk in the United States remain uncertain, even though there is great concern for diarrheal disease associated with drinking water in this population [ 16 17 ] . Because defining the risk associated with drinking tap water is particularly important for counseling immunocompromised patients on reducing their risk of cryptosporidiosis, we conducted a case-control study among persons with AIDS in San Francisco to test the hypothesis that the pattern of tap water consumption is associated with the development of endemic cryptosporidiosis.
Other sources of cryptosporidiosis infection were assessed, such as potential exposure to fecal material from sexual behavior, diapers, patient care, or animals.
The number of cryptosporidiosis cases decreased annually: 126 cases were reported in 1995, 69 in 1996, 38 in 1997, and 32 in 1998 [ 31 ] . In the year 2001, only 13 cases of cryptosporidiosis were recorded in the AIDS Registry [ 33 ] . Because of the small study size, our ability to more precisely calculate matched adjusted odds ratios for the multivariable model were limited.
However, for our primary hypothesis, the association of the pattern of tap water consumption and cryptosporidiosis, the sample size was sufficient to detect the observed large and statistically significant dose-response relationship.
Final multivariate models evaluating the association of drinking water and travel to another country with cryptosporidiosis are presented in Table 4for all controls and for the subset using only neighborhood controls.
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