Words similar to cryptochromes
Example sentences for: cryptochromes
How can you use “cryptochromes” in a sentence? Here are some example sentences to help you improve your vocabulary:
The expression of circadian genes that are regulated by cryptochromes were evaluated in the brain of cry1,2 -/-mice and in sleep deprived wild type mice and rats.
Together, these unexpected results are compatible with a role for cryptochromes in the homeostatic regulation of sleep in addition to their role in generating circadian rhythms.
Consistent with their central role in circadian rhythm generation, genetic inactivation of both cryptochromes ( cry1,2 -/-) results in circadian arrhythmicity in mice [ 22 23 ] . Given the widespread expression of the elements of the molecular clock in the brain (and elsewhere) and the large number of genes regulated by bHLH-PAS transcription factors (e.g.
Deletion of the cryptochromes disinhibits the transcriptional activation of CLOCK:BMAL1 and NPAS2:BMAL1 target genes, resulting in increased levels of their transcripts in the SCN, liver, and retina [ 20 23 25 ] . We assayed the expression in the brain of three genes that are known targets of cryptochrome mediated transcriptional inhibition: albumin D-binding protein ( dbp [ 26 ] ), period (per)1 , and per2 [ 20 23 27 ] , in the middle of the daily light period.
We assume that the effects on sleep we observed in cry1 , 2 -/-mice are a result of a lack of cryptochrome -dependent inhibition of the transcriptional activation provided by the bHLH-PAS heterodimers CLOCK:BMAL1 and NPAS2:BMAL1 [ 19 20 37 ] , although cryptochromes also play a role in stabilizing and nuclear sequestration of PER proteins [ 38 ] , and in photoreception [ 39 ] . Lack of cryptochromes results in increased mRNA levels of CLOCK/NPAS2:BMAL1 target genes, including the circadian genes per1 and per2 [ 20 23 ] . The expression of these two genes is viewed as a state variable of the molecular circadian clock or a marker of CLOCK/NPAS2:BMAL1-induced transcription, although at least per1 transcription can also be (rapidly) induced by light [ 40 41 ] , through a CREB-dependent signaling pathway [ 42 43 44 ] . The observation of high brain levels of per1,2 transcripts under baseline conditions in cry1,2 -/-mice raises the possibility that these or other CLOCK/NPAS2:BMAL1 target genes are involved in the homeostatic regulation of sleep.
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