Words similar to cryptochrome
Example sentences for: cryptochrome
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We assume that the effects on sleep we observed in cry1 , 2 -/-mice are a result of a lack of cryptochrome -dependent inhibition of the transcriptional activation provided by the bHLH-PAS heterodimers CLOCK:BMAL1 and NPAS2:BMAL1 [ 19 20 37 ] , although cryptochromes also play a role in stabilizing and nuclear sequestration of PER proteins [ 38 ] , and in photoreception [ 39 ] . Lack of cryptochromes results in increased mRNA levels of CLOCK/NPAS2:BMAL1 target genes, including the circadian genes per1 and per2 [ 20 23 ] . The expression of these two genes is viewed as a state variable of the molecular circadian clock or a marker of CLOCK/NPAS2:BMAL1-induced transcription, although at least per1 transcription can also be (rapidly) induced by light [ 40 41 ] , through a CREB-dependent signaling pathway [ 42 43 44 ] . The observation of high brain levels of per1,2 transcripts under baseline conditions in cry1,2 -/-mice raises the possibility that these or other CLOCK/NPAS2:BMAL1 target genes are involved in the homeostatic regulation of sleep.
SUB1 was identified as a protein involved in the cryptochrome and phytochrome signaling pathways [ 50].
Deletion of the cycle gene in Drosophila produces flies that have an exaggerated homeostatic response to rest deprivation in addition to their lack of circadian rhythmicity [ 16 ] . In a striking parallel to our current results, flies with a mutation in the cryptochrome gene also exhibit increased rest time as well as a reduced compensatory response to rest deprivation (P.
Previous studies of cryptochrome's chronobiological role in Drosophila emphasized that CRY may function as a deep brain photoreceptor involved in mediating resetting of the clock by light [ 26 ] . Support for this hypothesis came from the observation that locomotor-activity rhythms in cry b flies are unaffected in constant darkness and also maintain rhythmicity under constant light, a condition that causes behavioral arrhythmicity in the wild type [ 33 ] . While antennal rhythms of gene expression and of odor sensitivity in DD are significantly attenuated in cry b tissues ( [ 23 ] , unlike locomotor rhythmicity [ 21 ] ), it remained possible that such effects are due to an altered role of light on the developing clock.
This cryptochrome mutation produced dramatic effects on the phase of both reporters in DD: The mean-phase values were estimated to occur more than 7 hours earlier for cry b antennae compared to the cry +appendages.
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