Words similar to cross-reactive
Example sentences for: cross-reactive
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This result suggests that priming with the variant enzyme can induce higher levels of cross-reactive IgG antibodies than immunization with the unmodified variant alone.
This is especially relevant to the design of subunit vaccines for malaria and schistosomiasis where high titers of high affinity antibodies are usually the best defence against invading organisms [ 11 16 24 ] . Creating T cell epitopes in expressed proteins has been demonstrated here for Hartley strain guinea pigs, and for various inbred strains of mice [ 37 38 ] . Interestingly, the introduction of T cell epitopes from a hen-egg lysozyme or ovalbumin into mouse TNF-alpha also resulted in an increased cross-reactive antibody response in mice [ 38 ] . However, the protein construct was no longer cytotoxic for L929 cells, suggesting that the modified protein was not in the correct tertiary configuration.
Finally, we show that the variant induces broadly cross-reactive IgG antibodies, and that priming of animals with the variant protein results in higher titers of antigen-specific antibody upon subsequent immunization with the parent enzyme.
Analyses by Soininen and colleagues have found that antibodies measured by standard ELISA in unimmunized children are highly cross-reactive between different serotypes, and that cross-reactive antibodies lack opsonophagocytic function and often appear in the absence of any documented exposure to a given capsular serotype.
A full length murine cDNA representing Langerhans cell protein 1 (LCP1) was originally cloned from maturing epidermal Langerhans cells, while its human homologue KIAA0737 was cloned from human brain [ 29 ] as was a cDNA encoding TNRC9 (also known as CAGF9) [ 32 ] . Searches of the EST database confirm that all family members are expressed at the level of mRNA, and we have shown that KIAA0808 is expressed at the level of protein using a cross-reactive anti-TOX antisera (data not shown).
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