Words similar to covalently
Example sentences for: covalently
How can you use “covalently” in a sentence? Here are some example sentences to help you improve your vocabulary:
After covalently coupling to 96-well plates, AFA were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) as previously described [ 1, 5].
For example, oligodeoxyribonucleotide probes can be covalently attached to a surface [ 10 ] , synthesized in situ [ 11 12 13 ] , or retained via electrostatic interactions with a positively charged surface [ 14 ] . A recent study examining the effect of mismatches along the length of in situ synthesized 60 mer oligodeoxyribonucleotides demonstrated a lack of an effect of mismatches for the first ten to fifteen bases at the 3' (surface) end of the oligodeoxyribonucleotide, suggesting that these bases may not be accessible during the hybridization reaction [ 12 ] . Other problems may exist when oligodeoxyribonucleotides are adsorbed to a positively-charged surface.
In ChIP, whole cells are treated with formaldehyde to covalently link DNA and associated proteins, and the resulting mix is fragmented by sonication.
The B-subunit of DNA polymerase is encoded by dnaN . The recF gene product is involved in recombination, DNA repair, and induction of the SOS response, and may also have a role in replication [ 17 ] . Bacterial DNA gyrase, a tetramer consisting of A and B subunits, catalyzes the ATP-dependent unwinding of covalently closed circular DNA [ 18 ] . The remaining predicted ORFs in this region have high similarity to hypothetical proteins from M. tuberculosis (Table 1).
All probes on these microarrays are 30-mer oligonucleotides spotted by piezoelectric technologies and covalently attached to a polymeric matrix [ 6 ] . These microarrays were hybridized, washed, and processed using a direct detection method of the biotin-containing transcripts by a Streptavidin-Alexa647 conjugate as previously described [ 6 ] . Processed slides were scanned using an Axon GenePix Scanner with the laser set to 635 nm, a PMT voltage of 600, and a scan resolution of 10 microns.
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