Words similar to covalently
Example sentences for: covalently
How can you use “covalently” in a sentence? Here are some example sentences to help you improve your vocabulary:
Early studies with high density arrays suggested the use of 25 mer in situ synthesized oligodeoxyribonucleotides [ 1 ] . A more recent study using covalently attached oligodeoxyribonucleotides found that 30- and 35 mer oligodeoxyribonucleotides generated signals two- to five-fold higher than 25 mers, and signals obtained form 60 mers were only two-fold higher than those obtained from 30 mers but ten-fold higher than those obtained from 25 mers [ 24 ] . In fact, in situ synthesized 60 mer oligodeoxyribonucleotides, hybridized in 30-32% formamide, have been shown to represent a compromise between maximal sensitivity and specificity compared to other lengths and hybridization conditions [ 12 ] . Lastly, a study employing
After cleavage of the DNA gate strand which becomes covalently linked to Tyr319 on Top67 (step 2), protein conformational change involving both Top67 and the ZD domain increases the distance between the covalently bound 5' phosphate and non-covalently bound 3' hydroxyl of the cleaved DNA gate strand while the passing DNA strand (T-strand) is guided through the "gate" via interaction with the ZD domain (step 3) to lead to change in linking number.
The B-subunit of DNA polymerase is encoded by dnaN . The recF gene product is involved in recombination, DNA repair, and induction of the SOS response, and may also have a role in replication [ 17 ] . Bacterial DNA gyrase, a tetramer consisting of A and B subunits, catalyzes the ATP-dependent unwinding of covalently closed circular DNA [ 18 ] . The remaining predicted ORFs in this region have high similarity to hypothetical proteins from M. tuberculosis (Table 1).
In ChIP, whole cells are treated with formaldehyde to covalently link DNA and associated proteins, and the resulting mix is fragmented by sonication.
This system employs a cascade of enzymatic reactions that covalently attach a ubiquitin chain to substrate proteins, thereby targeting them to the proteasome [ 19 ] . The ubiquitin transfer reaction involves three enzymes: E1, which mediates the ATP-dependent activation of ubiquitin, and E2, or ubiquitin conjugating enzyme (UBC), which, together with an E3 ubiquitin ligase, transfers ubiquitin to the target protein.
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