Words similar to cofactors
Example sentences for: cofactors
How can you use “cofactors” in a sentence? Here are some example sentences to help you improve your vocabulary:
ERα enhances AP-1 activity in response to estrogens, [ 28 29 ] but ERβ inhibits AP-1 activity in response to estrogens [ 29 30 31 ] . ERβ also completely suppresses ERα activity at the cyclin D1 promoter and even suppresses the activity of an ERα mutant that is selectively superactive at AP-1 sites and CREs [ 29 ] . Finally, ERβ shows a unique capacity to enhance AP-1 activity in response to selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) such as raloxifene, tamoxifen and ICI 182,780/Faslodex (ICI) [ 30 31 32 ] . Together, these observations suggest that there are fundamental differences in the way that the ERs bind unspecified cofactors that modulate gene expression, and that some of these cofactors must play a role in differential ER activity at AP-1 sites.
We know too little about the physical binding energies of transcription factors, and their cofactors and protein concentrations in vivo, to calculate whether any modules are actually occupied by factors.
It will be interesting to see how well Ahab performs in situations where the concerted binding of cofactors constrains the spacing of binding sites [ 13 14 ] .
This sequence does not exactly conform to the LXXLL consensus, but contains features (underlined) that resemble the ERβ H12 region (L L LE ML ), and artificial ERβ interacting LXXLL peptides (293, P NLIS LLS ; D47, PL LLS LLS ), both of which bind to the ERβ AF-2 surface [ 43 44 45 46 47 ] . Moreover, the presence of a proline residue amino-terminal to the hydrophobic groups is typical of so-called class II LXXLL motifs which are found in ERβ interacting cofactors such as TRAP220 and RIP140 [ 45 ] . Finally, the unusual C-terminal hydrophobic pair (ML) has been observed in ERα and ERβ H12 [ 43 44 48 ] , and in RIP140 NR boxes [ 19 ] .
Here, transcription factors are defined as proteins which recognize and bind regulatory sites and have a potential to modulate directly or indirectly through the recruitment of cofactors the activity of the basal transcriptional apparatus of proximal genes.
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