Words similar to cholangitis
Example sentences for: cholangitis
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Bacteria are found in the bile of the gallbladder and bile ducts [ 15 16 ] , the presence of which may have relevance to clinical diseases such as stone formation [ 19 20 21 ] , primary sclerosing cholangitis [ 22 ] , and cholestasis [ 23 24 ] . Direct exposure of sub-epithelial tissue to LPS from gram-negative bacteria causes release of cytokines by resident leukocytes and activation of macrophages [ 25 ] . The biliary fluid of patients with cholangitis has increased concentrations of the inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 suggesting that bacterial infection leads to an increase in cytokines released into the bile [ 26 ] . Adding LPS to the bile of guinea pig gallbladders in vivo led to increased IL-1 concentration in the bile [ 27 ] . What role biliary epithelial cells play in the response to bacteria in bile is not known.
Liver diseases associated with 1°SS include primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC)-autoimmune cholangitis [ 8 9 10 ] , autoimmune hepatitis [ 5 6 ] , viral hepatitis (B and C) [ 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 ] , sclerosing cholangitis [ 22 ] , and nodular regenerative hyperplasia [ 23 ] . In addition, chronic lymphocytic sialadenitis has been found in patients with different types of liver cirrhosis [ 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 ] .
The accumulation of TNF-α in the gallbladder bile of patients with cholangitis may be due in part to the apical release of TNF-α by biliary epithelial cells.
The ability of biliary epithelial cell to control endogenous cytokine and chemokine production has important implications for biliary inflammation and diseases, such as cholangitis, cholestasis, and cholelithiasis.
The sources of bacteremia were identified in 52 patients (59%) and included pneumonia in 33, urinary tract infection in 12, peritonitis in 2, and cellulitis, pancreatitis, central venous catheter, cholangitis, and arthritis in 1 each.
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